Angular leaf spot

survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not independantly in the soil. Under humid conditions, bacteria ooze from the lesions on the leaves [...] overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary source of infection in the spring. The bacteria are also introduced in a crop in new transplants [...] day and cold nights, in combination with high humidity or presence of water. These conditions occur mostly in the spring if it rains or when sprinkler irrigation

Ercal

weekly intervals or until control is achieved. Depending on the specific situation, it may be better to switch to the use of En-strip or Enermix . Consult [...] 000 pupae. Presentation Cardboard strips with 5 cards each, wrapped in plastic, in a cardboard box, each card holds 60 parasitised whitefly pupae. Carrier [...] Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognised distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy for your situation. Environmental conditions For optimal

Gummy stem blight

Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella cucumis in cucumber causes brown lesions on the foot and higher up on the stem. On the lesions, golden-brown gummy drops [...] blight. On the lesions, black specks, the new fruiting bodies with spores, become visible. On the leaves, round and extending lesions may occur. In cucumber [...] of the tip of the mature fruits. The symptoms on stems, leaves and inside the fruits may occur together or individually. Life cycle and appearance of Gummy

Pepino mosaic virus

mosaic pattern on the leaves Yellow spots on older leaves and interveinal chlorosis Necrosis of the stems Fruit Yellow or orange mottling on the tomatoes [...] Flame-like pattern on the tomatoes Cracks and damage to the fruit (splitting open) Symptoms on fruits can appear with or without symptoms on the rest of the [...] can be observed. In Europe, the Chilean strain (CH2) is dominant and present in 90% of the infections. If more strains are found in case of infection

Glume blotch

nodorum or Septoria nodorum causes glume blotch, which presents itself as brown, elongated lesions with a light halo on leaves, stems and glumes. In the centre [...] leaf necrotic. On glumes, similar brown lesions with pycnidia and perithecia occur. Perithecia are also formed on dead glumes and stems. In case of severe [...] ascospores or conidia on the oldest leaves, but seed transmission is also possible. The germ tubes can infect the leaves of the plants directly or through

Phytophthora blight

optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required [...] blight or Phytophthora blight (Phytophtora infestans f.sp. infestans ) causes water-soaked lesions with vague borders and white fluffy fungal growth on the

Entonem keeps young orchids free from fungus gnats

uses ten different beneficials for its two sites in Heemskerk, the Netherlands and its third location in Assendelft, the Netherlands. One of them is Entonem [...] a Dosatron,’ explains Rogier Veldhuijs, assistant location manager in Assendelft. ‘In the past, the product was not fully compatible with a Dosatron. But [...] nematodes over the young plants in a fine mist. This is followed by a second fine mist to rinse off nematodes that are on the leaves. A while later, I collect

Tomato leafminer

surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil. When pupation occurs inside [...] colouration on the dorsal surface. Caterpillars can temporarily be found outside the leaf mines or fruit. Pupation takes place in the soil or on the surface [...] Gelechiidae . It is oligophagous, feeding mainly on Solanaceae species . The main host is tomato but it also feeds on other solanaceous crop plants including potato

Damping-off

are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature [...] higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage [...] soil particles are moved around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive very well in the soil or substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are

Pierce's disease of grapevine

parts depends on the plant species: in peach, bacteria are found in high numbers in the roots, whereas in plum, high numbers are found in leaves and fruits [...] die. This happens faster in younger vines than in older ones and faster in susceptible cultivars (within 2-3 years) than in more tolerant cultivars, which [...] infected vectors or dormant plants. In citrus, the bacteria can be transferred in seed used for propagation. The bacteria are limited in many regions by