Goat moth

cossus ), is a pest of broad-leafed trees. It is most often found in birch, ash, willow and elm but can also attack fruit trees. It is widespread in Europe [...] at night in June or July and lay eggs on tree trunks in batches of up to 50. After the eggs hatch, the larvae bore into the bark and down to the sap wood [...] Europe. Damage symptoms Feeding galleries are very extensive and the larvae burrow in all directions in both sap and hart wood. Attacks are usually confined

Phytophthora blight

wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water [...] higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores [...] Zoospores are spores with flagellae which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also

Aphids

their presence in the crop. There are two types of aphid species: those that change to other host plants in the winter, and those species that do not. Species [...] aphid eggs have been observed. Aphids damage Aphids can cause damage to plants in several ways, and the damage can vary depending on the species of aphid [...] about What are aphids? Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that belong to the superfamily Aphidoidea. There are over 4,000 species of aphids that have

Blueberry aphid

great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous females continuing to produce new g [...] which then continue to produce females. The aphids are mainly found on young shoots. Peak aphid densities are reached in June and July. Sexual adults are [...] scammelli , is most likely of North American origin and was probably introduced into Europe with plant material. It feeds on blueberries and is a vector of

Thrips

than 2.5 mm. All thrips species that cause damage in green-houses belong to the family Thripidae. Find solutions for thrips in your crop Life cycle of thrips [...] occidentalis ) is the most damaging species. Thrips form the order Thysanoptera, a name that literally means ‘fringed wings’, and refers to the eyelash-like [...] they feed on plant sap. Damage: Thrips can cause damage to leaves, flowers, and fruits by feeding on plant tissue. This can result in distorted growth, di

Tomato looper

belongs to the family of Noctuidae . It is a tropical and subtropical species originating in the Mediterranean and northern Africa. The larva is highly [...] chalcites ) spreads to several northerly countries and is now one of the most frequently found pest species in greenhouses. Damage symptoms The tomato [...] and thin. The eggs are white to pale green, shiny, dome-shaped with 28 to 32 vertical ribs. They are deposited singly or in pairs throughout the crop, on

Spider mites and other mites

cycle in as little as one to two weeks. This rapid development contributes to their ability to multiply rapidly and cause significant damage to plants [...] tendency to hide on the underside of leaves can make them difficult to spot. Mite damage Spider mite damage Some common signs of spider mite damage include [...] grasslands to horticultural and agricultural crops. Plant mites can be a significant pest in horticulture and agriculture, causing damage to crops and reducing

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical [...] The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish it from Verticillium [...] xylem vessels. In potato, it is tuber-borne. Spread from plant to plant results from bacteria moving from the roots of infected plants to neighbouring plants

Pierce's disease of grapevine

plants to wilt. Transport to different plant parts depends on the plant species: in peach, bacteria are found in high numbers in the roots, whereas in plum [...] eventually die. This happens faster in younger vines than in older ones and faster in susceptible cultivars (within 2-3 years) than in more tolerant cultivars [...] bacterial levels in the leaves to neighbouring peach trees with the bacteria mainly in the roots is much more successful than the other way around. In general,

Biological seed treatment

applied to the seed in a powder form or as a liquid. An even layer covers the whole seed. In this way, the beneficial ingredients are available to the seed [...] nutrients in the root system and increases nutrient uptake; The enhanced root and shoot growth means that the early growth rate is optimized and that both the [...] results in a lower exposure of growers to chemicals and lessens their impact on the environment. The potential exposure of the soil to agrochemicals is also