Dwarf bunt

are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis Life cycle and appearance of Dwarf bunt [...] soft white and hard red winter wheats, as well as dwarf bunt. Damage symptoms Tilletia controversa causes (bunted) heads that are slender and remain green [...] green longer than healthy heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than

Verticillium wilt

branches die off from the top and purple brown stripes occur on the stem. In tomato, sometimes V-shaped lesions are formed on the leaf, between the veins [...] erticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahlia e are the most important plant pathogens. Verticillium dahlia causes verticillium wilt and early dying of potato [...] microsclerotia, small hard survival structures that can withstand high and low temperatures and dehydration. Verticillium dahliae also survives as hyphae (mycelium)

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades the plants through wounds or stomata and then spreads into [...] may show signs of stunting and produce many adventitious roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial [...] pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants

Powdery mildew

occur mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects the plant by entering through the stomata and there are more stomata on the underside [...] mildew fungi and especially in greenhouse crops they don’t play a role in the epidemics. Fungal spores germinate on the leaf surface and the germ tubes [...] tubes grow and branch out on the leaf surface. Small structures are produced, the haustoria, from which the fungus penetrates the plant cell and takes up nutrients

Damping-off

flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown [...] finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real [...] immediately after planting. Avoid cold and excessive warm irrigation water. Keep the water content of the substrate below 70% and ensure good drainage Disinfect

Black root rot of cucurbits

demarcation line on cucumber roots. The lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The [...] Disinfect nutrient solution and irrigation water Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience. [...] The lesions may grow and encircle the root. The roots become yellow-brown to black and ultimately die. Black lesions with fruiting bodies occur more commonly

Cucumber

mites and other pest mites , thrips , and whiteflies , which can swiftly devastate entire fields if left unchecked. Concurrently, bacterial and fungal [...] long-term resilience of the crops, ensuring the production of high-quality cucumbers for consumers. Pest monitoring and scouting in cucumber Scouting and monitoring [...] proactive approaches involve regular and systematic inspection of crops to identify the presence and severity of pests and diseases. Growers use various techniques

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Biological seed treatment

treatment has beneficial effects on the growth, resilience of the plant, abiotic stress, the development of the root system, and the productivity of the crop [...] in the root system and increases nutrient uptake; The enhanced root and shoot growth means that the early growth rate is optimized and that both the nutritional [...] active ingredients that can include microbes like fungi and bacteria, as well as plant extracts and algae extracts. Biological substances are applied to the

Fortafol for Strawberry in Coir

growth and development of strawberry transplants in re-used coir substrate Fortafol-D® is a plant biostimulant containing humic and fulvic acids and is an [...] increase the dry matter content of roots and shoots Fortafol-D® rate and timing of application, for tunnel grown and glasshouse strawberry crops 1-2 litres/ha [...] washed and buffered to produce a quality rooting substrate that promotes healthy root development in young strawberry transplants. The formation and resilience