• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings [...] that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem seems wet and slimy. Above or below the hollow [...] openings at the stem end. Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents become liquid. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

• Fusarium wilt

  in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse [...] ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and during post-harvest storage and enhance wound healing after harvest, depending on the crop Prevent plant diseases by [...] different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the [...] break open, releasing many bacteria. These are dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and tools. Until now, no bacteria have been isolated from crazy roots [...] between the plant roots and the gutters in greenhouses Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

• Early blight

  Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival [...] potato and early blight of tomato, which presents itself as spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown [...] symptoms are brown lesions on stem and foot. On fruits, dark sunken, leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight

• Angular leaf spot

  happens both passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination [...] bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate changes to a white film when it dries. Lesions may merge as they grow and later also become [...] become visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic. The foliar symptoms are the most important

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse [...] between 4 and 35 °C, with an optimum between 25 and 28 °C. Germination only occurs at relative humidity (RH) above 80%. Warm (25-30 °C) and humid (RH above [...] ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and during post-harvest storage and enhance wound healing after harvest, depending on the crop Prevent plant diseases by

• Apple scab

  which at first presents itself as lesions on blossoms, leaves, petioles and fruits and sometimes on twigs and bud scales. The lesions are olive-green. When [...] lesions remain smaller. Based on the research that has been done on the influence of climatic conditions on release of ascospores and risk of infection, a decision [...] bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter and form ascospores. Depending on the temperature, these ascospores mature and are subsequently released when they

• Phytophthora blight

  growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures [...] growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] es between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the

• Grey mould

  grey-brown lesions. The symptoms on fruits, flowers and on various parts of potted plants often only become visible during and after cold storage. In lettuce [...] common symptoms are grey-brown lesions. The lesions occur on leaves, stems, fruits and flowers. On flowers, usually small round specks occur first, called [...] which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus causes lesions on pruning wounds. These lesions may

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  leaves and fruits. Leaves and shoots wilt. On the lower leaves, blister-like white lesions occur, which later turn brown and may merge. The leaves wilt [...] entire crop of the affected field and potatoes from other fields on the farm, are labelled as ‘suspect’ that year. On the infected field no potatoes or [...] years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection. Damage symptoms Clavibacter causes spots on stems,