Early blight

only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection [...] veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other symptoms are brown lesions on stem and foot. On fruits, dark sunken, leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem [...] blight of potato and early blight of tomato, which presents itself as spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and

Greenhouse whitefly

es: If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight [...] and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result of sucking [...] The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .) is encouraged, making it

Leek moth

can occur. On leeks, larvae mine the central leaves which have long, longitudinal grooves when growing. On onion leaves, the larvae feed on the parenchyma [...] made of characteristic meshes spun on the surface of the leaves or on the flower-stalk of the host plant. The pupa is 7-8 mm long, its colour varies from [...] General The leek moth is present throughout Europe. It is also found in some Asian countries and has been introduced to parts of Canada. The larvae of

Impatiens thrips

Pupation occurs on the leaf rather than on the ground. The prepupae and pupae remain immobile on the leaf tissue. Adults are found on both upper- and [...] sweet pepper, cucumber and eggplants. It lives exclusively on the leaves and is often present on weeds in greenhouses. Life cycle and appearance of Impatiens [...] from egg to adult on the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while subsequent stages are found on the upper- and undersides

Foot rot of cereals

sowing Create good seedbed, direct drilling is preferred Control grass weeds Judicious use of nitrogen and lime is recommended. Harvest high risk crops as [...] fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (formerly known as Monographella nivalis ), is a significant concern for cereal crop growers worldwide. This disease primarily [...] it particularly problematic in temperate regions. Damage symptoms M. nivale is the primary pathogen in the group that causes seedling blight. Seedling blight

Tomato looper

Noctuidae . It is a tropical and subtropical species originating in the Mediterranean and northern Africa. The larva is highly polyphagous and feeds on plants [...] inchworm (geometrid). The cocoon is usually attached to the underside of leaves within folded edges, on random objects and on tomato fruit, often in a bunch [...] countries and is now one of the most frequently found pest species in greenhouses. Damage symptoms The tomato looper (Chrysodeixis chalcites) is primarily

Silver-Y moth

symptoms The larvae feed on leaves, causing typical caterpillar damage. Feeding damage includes feeding on the leaf epidermis and on the petiole, skeletonized [...] line there is a dark dot on each segment. Dorsally there are alternating light and dark stripes. A characteristic feature of this caterpillar is the oscillatory [...] August onward. The silver-Y moth ( Autographa gamma ) feeds on plants of 14 families and is sometimes also encountered in greenhouse crops such as sweet

Tobacco whitefly

es: If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight [...] referred to as ‘pupa’ although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape [...] often scattered over the entire plant where they deposit their eggs. This is why on one leaf all different developmental stages can be found together. When

Diamond back moth

xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered [...] species. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface [...] damaged plants appear stunted and will, in most cases, die. On rapeseed, larvae also feed on flower buds, flowers and young seed pods, causing loss of pods

Pepper weevil

When they are already present on the crop, the best approach is to monitor them during the cooler parts of the day, as this is when they are most active. [...] measuring 2 to 3.5 mm in length, and over time they turn grey, reddish-brown, or nearly black. Their main distinguishing feature is a ‘snout’ which is longer than [...] to turn yellow before wilting and dropping off. When you see fruit on the ground, it is clear that the crop has been very severely damaged. Lifecycle and