• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  General Xylella fastidiosa is a gram-negative bacterium which is limited to xylem tissue. It has many hosts, many of which show minor or no symptoms. More [...] In peach, the canopy of infected plants is compact and umbrella-like due to the shorter internodes. The foliage is denser and the leaves are a darker green [...] smaller and their sugar content is higher. The early blossoming and fruit set in peach does not occur in citrus, there is no difference between infected

• Early blight

  only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection [...] veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other symptoms are brown lesions on stem and foot. On fruits, dark sunken, leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem [...] blight of potato and early blight of tomato, which presents itself as spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and

• Foot rot of cereals

  sowing Create good seedbed, direct drilling is preferred Control grass weeds Judicious use of nitrogen and lime is recommended. Harvest high risk crops as [...] fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (formerly known as Monographella nivalis ), is a significant concern for cereal crop growers worldwide. This disease primarily [...] it particularly problematic in temperate regions. Damage symptoms M. nivale is the primary pathogen in the group that causes seedling blight. Seedling blight

• Dwarf bunt

  heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt [...] General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] of Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection

• Wheat bunt

  heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt [...] tritici and Tilletia laevis only differ in one gene and easily hybridize. There is debate whether they should indeed be considered separate species, since they [...] Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis survive as teliospores in the soil or on seed. These teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  Pectobacterium carovora is very common, but does not often reach epidemic population densities. It can survive as epiphytic bacteria on various plants or in [...] subsp. carotovora has recently been renamed Pectobacterium carotovora . It is one of the pectolytic bacteria causing extensive bacterial rots (bacterial [...] Pectobacterium carovora causes bacterial stem rot as well as soft rot. Stem rot is first noticed when plants wilt at the time of first harvest or after that

• Aphidius matricariae

  matricariae is available in a bottle ( Aphipar-M ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved [...] wasp Aphidius matricariae Aphidius matricariae is a parasitic wasp belonging to the family Braconidae and is widely recognized for its role in biological [...] aphids . This small wasp is a valuable natural enemy in both agricultural and horticultural settings. Aphidius matricariae is used for the control of the

• Neoseiulus californicus

  present it will preferentially feed on them and the population development is much faster on a diet of spider mites than on other food sources. They can also [...] adult females feed on all stages of Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) whereas the larvae feed mainly on eggs, and the nymphs on eggs, larvae and [...] californicus) is commonly used for biological pest control of spider mites . Although Neoseiulus californicus prefers spider mites it can also feed on other food

• Damping-off

  root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in

• Amblydromalus limonicus

  limonicus is used for the control of the following pests: Thrips Whitefly Amblydromalus limonicus is a generalist predatory mite feeding on whiteflies [...] preys on several other small organisms such as spider mites and tarsonemid mites. They can also feed on pollen and take fluids from leaves, which is useful [...] Amblydromalus limonicus lays 3.7 eggs per day on young eggs, 1.2 eggs per day on older eggs and 3.3-3.4 eggs per day on crawlers and nymphs. It consumes about