Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

which orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is by splash dispersal of these conidia. There is no known sexual stage. Ascochyta [...] at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds may have brown areas. Life cycle and appearance of Pea blight, leaf and [...] General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods

Angular leaf spot

most important, but also all types of vascular tissue of the crown can be infected, creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection [...] and form a secondary source of infection. They are dispersed by rain, irrigation water or handling of the plants. Infection of the plants happens both passively [...] lesions on the underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look

Pierce's disease of grapevine

General Xylella fastidiosa is a gram-negative bacterium which is limited to xylem tissue. It has many hosts, many of which show minor or no symptoms. More [...] Recently, it is becoming more problematic in olive. Damage symptoms Grapevines: Primary infection of leaves results in leaf scorch. Part of a green leaf [...] plums): In peach, the canopy of infected plants is compact and umbrella-like due to the shorter internodes. The foliage is denser and the leaves are a darker

Bacterial canker of tomato

Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary infection is mostly from infected propagation [...] only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves and subsequent expansion of the wilt upwards. Cutting the [...] shows whitish ooze with bacteria in the case of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease is difficult to distinguish from wilting caused

Fusarium head blight or scab

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] Prevent stress for the plants Ensure there is adequate soil drainage Apply nitrogen in the form of nitrate instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest [...] the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse

Phytophthora blight

sp. infestans) is also known as Phytophthora blight, tomato blight, early / late blight tomato, potato blight and late / early blight of potato. Damage [...] a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s. Life cycle and appearance of Phytophthora [...] enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding [...] germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around 15 o C and the closer the temperature is to this, the shorter [...] from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. How to prevent Downey mildew

Dwarf bunt

General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] appearance of Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection [...] ten years. Seed-borne transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological point of view. The teliospores germinate in response to moisture

Loose smut of wheat

emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. [...] Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of wheat. Damage symptoms Infection [...] cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

Stem rot is first noticed when plants wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial [...] subsp. carotovora has recently been renamed Pectobacterium carotovora . It is one of the pectolytic bacteria causing extensive bacterial rots (bacterial soft [...] cycle and appearance of Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora is very common, but does