• American serpentine leaf miner

  roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] toothed ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are [...] tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting

• Black bean aphid

  through the transmission of plant viruses. Infestations start usually at the younger parts of the plant but can spread all over the plant. Nymphs and adults [...] extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation

• Boisduval scale

  necrosis of tissue at the feeding site. In orchids, this scale tends to prefer the leaf midrib and the portion of the petiole that is covered by the sheath [...] presence of the scales on upper and lower leaf surfaces, fruits, and stems of plants. On palms, Boisduval scales are normally found on the leaves and stems. [...] circular or oval. The cast skins of the nymph form a light yellow spot near the centre of the scale called the exuvium. Adult females can produce up to 200 eggs

• Large raspberry aphid

  Overwintering eggs of the large raspberry aphid are laid near the base of vegetative canes and hatch in spring. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly [...] direct feeding damage. The major problem is the spreading of various raspberry viruses by the aphids. Life cycle and appearance of Large raspberry aphid [...] have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by pa

• Potato aphid

  extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black [...] characteristic of the potato aphid and is particularly visible in the nymphs. Immatures have a light dusting of whitish-grey wax. The aphids instantly [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation

• Blueberry aphid

  shoots. Peak aphid densities are reached in June and July. Sexual adults are produced in September and October and the sexual females lay eggs on blueberry [...] blueberries and is a vector of blueberry scorch virus. Damage symptoms Blueberry aphids live in dense colonies on young shoots of blueberry bushes and produce [...] have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by pa

• Geranium aphid

  have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by pa [...] particularly along the petioles. In outdoor strawberries they reach their peak in June. Winged aphids are formed from May onwards and are responsible for [...] General Acyrthosiphon malvae rogersii is a pest of strawberry that is widely distributed in northern and western Europe. Damage symptoms Wingless aphids

• Silver-Y moth

  leaves, accumulation of frass and destruction of growing points. Life cycle and appearance of Silver-Y moth The forewings of the silver-Y moth ( Autographa [...] margin. The body is light brown and hairy, the antennae are long and thin. The moths fly during the day as well as at night, often in large swarms. They fly [...] roof-like above the body. The female lays up to 2,000 eggs on the underside of the leaves of their host plant, usually separately but sometimes in small groups

• European red mite

  generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the host plants in autumn. [...] attack a large scale of other woody plants and is occasionally a problem on roses and other ornamentals of the family Rosaceae grown in greenhouses. It originates [...] cycle and appearance of European red mite The European red mite feeds mainly on the undersides of leaves but moves to upper leaf surfaces when the lower

• Pear psylla

  stripes and blackish markings on the head and body. Pear psyllas overwinter as adults, sheltering on the bark of pear trees. The adults become active in spring [...] spring and start to feed on young leaves and flowers. Eggs are deposited in crevices of the bark of twigs and hatch after about 3 weeks. There are 5 nymphal [...] by first generation nymphs turn brown and die. Feeding later in the season may affect the harvest of the next year by weakening or killing fruit buds.