Encarsia formosa

wasp is approximately 0.6 mm long, with a head that is dark brown to black in colour, a dark brown to black thorax, and a yellow abdomen. The male is entirely [...] crop. Introduction rates typically range from 1-10 per m 2 /release. Releases should be repeated until control is achieved. At increasing temperatures it [...] are then consumed from the inside out by the developing larvae. The larvae feed on the internal tissues of the host, leading to its death and thereby contributing

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conditions. Several trials are showing that Mycotal is already active, growing and effective from 8 °C, which is unique. Mycotal in colder temperatures [...] thrips is through the use of entomopathogenic fungi, such as Akanthomyces muscarius ( formerly called Lecanicillium muscarium ). Our Mycotal product is a [...] continue to benefit from the highest quality and best performing biological crop protection solutions. The new generation Mycotal is now available in all

Click beetles

retracted into the thorax. When disturbed they lie on their back feigning death and then suddenly propel themselves into the air with a audible click. Hence [...] into the base of plants. This can cause the plants to wilt and die. Damage is more severe in young plants. Life cycle and appearance of Click beetles Adult

Sciarid flies

. Indirect damage is caused by the larvae and adults transferring fungal diseases, such as Fusarium, Botrytis and Verticillium, from diseased to healthy [...] for various pathogenic fungi. Because the larvae move very little, plant death is generally local. Young plants that are kept humid and well-watered are [...] healthy plants. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on the roots. The larvae feed mainly on decaying plant material and on algae and fungi

Oleander scale

fruits affects market value. In olives this is seen as green spots on purple fruits. Damage to foliage is particularly important in ornamentals . Heavy [...] lead to yellowing, leaf and shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a [...] greyish, dirty white or yellowy colour, round in shape, with a scale whose apex is off-centred. This scale resembles a miniature fried egg with a diameter of

Diglyphus isaea

they develop, the larvae consume the leafminer from within, leading to its death. This feeding behavior is highly effective in reducing leafminer populations [...] instars: the first is colourless and transparent, the second is yellow and semi transparent with a brown fat body, and the third larval instar is blue-green. [...] pillars, made by the larva from its faeces. This is probably done to prevent the leaf collapsing should it dry out. At first, the pupa is green with red eyes

Cottony soft rot

General Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, also known as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms [...] leaves, fruits and pods. Root infection often leads to premature wilting and death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root [...] infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside

Whitefly

whiteflies are usually white or pale yellow in color. This is due to the wax produced by the adults, which is covering their body and wings. Some species have dark [...] plants to grow more slowly or become stunted. This is because the insects are drawing nutrients away from the plant as they feed on its sap. Sticky residue: [...] the growth is obstructed by the stiff hairs. As soon as the red eyes of the adult whitefly are visible in the fourth larval instar, the stage is referred

Parasitoid wasps

begin to feed on the host pest. They consume the host from the inside, which ultimately leads to the death of the host. Pupal stage: After the larvae have consumed [...] the parasitoid wasp reaches maturity, it emerges from the host's body or the cocoon. The host pest is typically killed in the process. Host feeding In [...] control pests: parasitisation and host feeding. Parasitisation Parasitisation is the primary means by which parasitoid wasps control pests in agriculture.

Box tree moth

perspectalis ) is an oligophagous species feeding on the leaves of box tree ( Buxus spp. ) species mainly. Severe defoliation can lead to the death of the tree [...] common one is mostly iridescent white with a dark brown band at the outer margin and a characteristic white spot on the forewing, while the other is mostly [...] tree. As the tree is extensively traded within Europe, the box tree moth ( Cydalima perspectalis ) poses a serious threat as invasive species. Damage symptoms