• Cutworms

  4 cm or more when fully grown. The caterpillars may be encountered in the soil in a characteristic, circular position. Pupa are brown to dark brown and [...] and feed mostly at night and hide in the ground during the day. Damage from these instars is usually observed as a cutting of young seedlings, often causing [...] the sap flow in the plant. Life cycle and appearance of Cutworms The adults of Agrotis spp. have pale grey to grey-brown forewings with a faint kidney-shaped

• Click beetles

  6-10 mm long and yellowish brown to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start [...] brown or light brown with a darker head. Larval development takes 4 to 5 years. When fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear [...] General Click beetles are elongate beetles with a hard exoskeleton, with the head deeply retracted into the thorax. When disturbed they lie on their back

• Mottled arum aphid

  Neomyzus circumflexus , has a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide host range. In temperate climates it is primarily a pest in greenhouses where it attacks [...] covering the leaves can reduce photosynthesis and also result in an unattractive plant with a much lower market value. Neomyzus circumflexus can also transmit [...] adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Reproduction of the mottled arum aphid is entirely by parthenogenesis

• Boisduval scale

  occurs throughout the tropics, and in greenhouses in more temperate climates. It is very polyphagous and can be a pest of orchids, palms, pineapples, [...] species of Diaspi s are very similar in their appearance and damage symptoms. Here, the Boisduval scale is described in more detail, as it is the most important [...] semi-transparent, approximately 1.2-2.2 mm in diameter and circular or oval. The cast skins of the nymph form a light yellow spot near the centre of the

• Encarsia formosa

  is approximately 0.6 mm long, with a head that is dark brown to black in colour, a dark brown to black thorax, and a yellow abdomen. The male is entirely [...] Encarsia formosa is a parasitic wasp belonging to the family Aphelinidae , widely recognized for its role in biological control, particularly in the management [...] transparent to brown in colour. The pupa of E. formosa is unique among the species of Encarsia , in that it is formed immediately beneath and in contact with the

• Spotted Wing Drosophila

  the start of its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America and [...] wing drosophila Adult spotted-wing drosophila are small, 2-3 mm in lengthg, and have a wingspan of 6-8 mm. Males are smaller than females. They can be [...] Drosophila species or SWD females by a large dark spot on each wing, where their common name is derived from. Females have a strong saw-like ovipositor that

• 100% Sustainable Agriculture

  experience A healthy future, that's quite a challenge. Growing a resilient crop takes expert knowledge and a great deal of experience! Growing in a sustainable [...] for a healthy planet. Partners with nature, that is the guiding principle in everything we do! Pioneering is not new to Koppert. In fact, it’s in our DNA [...] years ago our founder was the first to introduce a natural enemy to combat spider mite in horticulture. In doing so, he laid the foundation for today’s Koppert

• Common cockchafer

  melolontha) , also known as the doodlebug or May bug is a European beetle of the genus Melolontha, in the family Scarabaeidae. Damage symptoms The common [...] stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult beetle. The adult beetle is 25 to 30 mm long, with a dark head, black pronotum covered with [...] Melolontha melolontha ) are 2 x 3 mm, but they increase in size by absorbing water. The larvae (grubs) have a whitish curved body, large head, with strong mandibles

• Cottony cushion scale

  discovered in greenhouses in temperate regions, but is not generally a pest in these situations. Damage symptoms Cottony cushion scale is a particular [...] have originated in Australia. It was accidentally introduced to California in about 1868 and devastated the citrus industry there until a natural enemy from [...] from the body. On reaching maturity, the ‘female’ produces a white, fluted, wax ovisac with a series of uniform ridges running lengthwise over the surface

• Onion fly

  is a frequent pest that harms allium plants, including leek, garlic, and onion crops. It is a small fly, measuring between 5 and 7 mm long, with a gra [...] larvae as they feed can also be seen in the bulbs. The bulbs may occasionally soften or decay, which may be a sign of a serious infestation. Regularly checking [...] the plant. For onion growers, onion fly infestations can be a major concern, but there are a few control strategies that can be used to manage this pest