• Cottony cushion scale

  countries of the world. It is also periodically discovered in greenhouses in temperate regions, but is not generally a pest in these situations. Damage [...] purchasi , is considered to have originated in Australia. It was accidentally introduced to California in about 1868 and devastated the citrus industry [...] industry there until a natural enemy from Australia was introduced in 1888. This was the first ever example of successful classical biological control. The cottony

• Flies

  major pest on soft fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground [...] Frass deposited on leaves or flowers in ornamental crops, lettuce, and herbs also causes cosmetic damage, and sometimes this can occur on such a scale that [...] flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting plant material and are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila , Drosophila

• Limonica strong contender against persistent thrips

  September 15, 2025

  nymphs, and, to some extent, spider mites . Its versatility and high predation rate make it a valuable tool in integrated pest management (IPM) programs [...] : Known for its rapid spread and damage to peppers and strawberries, this species is well-targeted by Limonica due to its ability to feed on second instar [...] mites is that it continues to be effective even when temperatures fall below or rise above that range. That said, it’s important to keep in mind that the

• Large blackberry aphid

  large blackberry aphid is widely distributed in Europe and also established in New Zealand. It only feeds on cultivated and wild blackberries. Damage symptoms [...] triangular. The aphids overwinter as eggs on blackberry plants. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside of leaves and start to reproduce [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized

• Large raspberry aphid

  Amphorophora idaei, is the most important aphid species found on raspberries in Europe. It only feeds on raspberry. Damage symptoms Large raspberry aphids rarely [...] near the base of vegetative canes and hatch in spring. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside of leaves and start to reproduce [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized

• Pollination checklist tomato

  jaw on the flower (bite marks) turn brown within one to four hours and make it possible to check the bumblebees' work. A single visit results in the transfer [...] have been pollinated before it closes. Depending on the conditions, a flower will remain open for one to three days. To check on pollination , collect about [...] conditions and the influence of chemicals on the plants or flowers. Bumblebees maintain a constant temperature in the hive. If the temperature to which they

• Pollination under artificial lights

  September 24, 2018

  advice it now shares with growers is based on more than 30 years’ experience in the field and valuable growers’ feedback. The eight-page manual on 'Pollination [...] coatings, screens and filters in greenhouses that may inadvertently restrict light. It even informs you how to respond in the case of a snowfall, for example [...] ‘We have looked at all the features on the hive and give advice on how to enhance the work of our bumblebees in poor (day)light conditions. We hope that

• Pollination

  annual challenge for growers when it comes to the production of vegetables, fruit and seed. Well pollinated crops result in considerably higher yields and [...] of the flower. If the pollen is transferred from anther to stigma on the same flower it is called self-pollination. Cross pollination, is the transfer of [...] pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same plant or on another plant. Many flowers require insects such as bumblebees or

• Pollination checklist Natupol Fly

  loose. Experiences in practice suggest that the side effects of chemical applications on Natupol Fly generally resemble the side effects on bumblebees. For [...] For further information on side effects on Natupol Fly, search in the side effect database for bumblebees (Bombus spp.). Do not release Natupol Fly without [...] fully-grown flies emerge over time, depending on the actual temperature. Natupol Fly is supplied as pupae in cardboard tubes. Use 15 ml of pupae per square

• Tomato russet mite

  pairs. Eggs are roughly 0.05 mm in diameter and are laid on the underside of leaves, on leaf petioles, and on stems on the lower portion of plants. When [...] Phyllocoptes destructor in older publications) belongs to the family Eriophyidae. It does not produce galls but lives freely (vagrant) on tomato plants. Aculops [...] Aculops lycopersici was detected for the first time in Australia and is a pest in tomatoes in all areas where they are grown. Other members of the plant family