Hemispherical scale

Hemispherical scale An adult female of S. coffeae has a hemispherical form with a smooth surface. The colour is usually dark to sometimes lighter brown or almost [...] occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest in coffee and citrus. Many ornamental crops can also be affected [...] with a raised H-pattern on the dorsal surface. All instars live on the underside of leaves, often close to the midrib. Only when an infestation is particularly

Rose aphid

General The rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae , is a serious and often abundant pest of roses. It is virtually cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage [...] and appearance of Rose aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses [...] long and green or deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid

Shore fly

egg, three larval instars, a pupa and the adult fly. The eggs are laid singly and are bean-shaped. A first instar larva is translucent white. Second instar [...] translucent and their body is cylindrical. The larvae are found in the top layer of damp soil, where they also pupate. The adult shore fly is black, about 4 to [...] feed on green algae. However, they can transmit plant diseases and can be a nuisance to greenhouse works by their sheer numbers. Frass deposited on leaves

Mottled arum aphid

aphid, Neomyzus circumflexus , has a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide host range. In temperate climates it is primarily a pest in greenhouses where it attacks [...] arum aphid is entirely by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous females continuously producing new generations of females. There is no sexual stage [...] leaves can reduce photosynthesis and also result in an unattractive plant with a much lower market value. Neomyzus circumflexus can also transmit plant viruses

Oat

horses to boost their energy. It is mainly grown in temperate regions and is a nutrient-rich food. In human consumption is chiefly eaten as porridge but also [...] About This important cereal is grown for its seed and is used in food production, as oatmeal and rolled oats, and most commonly in livestock feed, especially [...] also used in many baked goods. It is often present in cold breakfast cereals, muesli and granola. The oat (Avena sativa ) is also called the common oat.

Southern European marshland pyralid

marshland pyralid or European pepper moth (Duponchelia fovealis) is a polyphagous species feeding on a wide range of hosts from 38 plant families. They include [...] which occurs about a week later, the young larva is visible within the egg. The full-grown caterpillars are 20 to 30 mm long and have a creamy white colour [...] spot in the vicinity. Pupation occurs in a cocoon made of webbing, frass and soil particles. The pupa itself is yellow-brown, becoming darker as the adult

Optimal placement of bumblebee hives

it is crucial to position the hives in visible locations, enabling easy identification and access for both parties. For optimal visibility, it is recommended [...] light condition (Spring, summer) During these seasons, it is advisable to position the hives at a height of 20 – 60 cm above the ground on the south side [...] Beehome System is closed. In times of high temperatures, protect your bumblebees from heat . Low light condition (Winter) In winter, choose a spot where the

Mushroom

Mushroom A mushroom, or toadstool, is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source [...] Agaricus bisporus , is considered safe for most people to eat because it is grown in controlled, sterilized environments. Several varieties of A. bisporus are

Buckthorn-potato aphid

nasturtii , has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and is a major pest of potatoes, where it also transmits viruses. It also attacks a large number of [...] major problem in potatoes is the transmission of viruses. Life cycle and appearance of Buckthorn-potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both [...] worldwide distribution. Damage symptoms Direct damage, caused by sucking of sap is rarely seen. Sometimes, large populations build up on potatoes or other hosts

Bean seed fly

adult bean seed fly ( Delia platura ) is a small, dark-colored fly measuring about 4-5 mm in length. It typically has a shiny black or dark brown body with [...] Overview of Bean seed fly The bean seed fly, officially known as Delia platura , is a common pest that targets bean crops but can attack crucifers, cereals and [...] Small, white maggots near the base of affected bean plants. These larvae are a clear indicator of bean seed fly infestation. By recognizing these symptoms