Onion thrips

throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions, leek, and in greenhouses on cucurbits, tomato, sweet pepper, eggplant [...] depends on the food source. Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found on leaves, in flowers or in other [...] instars, prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the [...] After infection, galls are formed which break open, releasing many bacteria. These are dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and tools. Until now, no [...] growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative

Fusarium head blight or scab

years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed [...] leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical pink spores are produced which may [...] different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed

Pepper weevil

their head and prothorax. Two days after hatching and feeding, they begin to copulate and subsequently lay eggs in the flowers or immature fruit. On average [...] they feed on this fruit, lay eggs, and complete their lifecycle. They must be carefully and continuously monitored, given their ability to cause huge [...] inside the flower bud, they feed on immature pollen. In both cases, they begin to feed one to four hours after hatching. In total, the larva passes through

Bruchid Beetle Trap

trap. Once in the trap, they cannot escape and are easy to detect, count and identify. Presentation One trap. Preparation Place the funnel on to the green [...] (depending on geographic location). Bruchid beetle traps are not reliable during the flowering period of field beans and may not be suitable for use in earlier [...] needs to be used in combination with species-specific Pherodis dispensers. The dispensers release a species-specific lure which attracts the male and female

Carnation tortrix

brown band in the females and two red bands in the males) and the hindwings (bright orange) ensure that the moths of the species are easy to recognize. [...] laying up to 700 eggs, deposited in batches of 10 to 200 on the upper surface of leaves or on other greenhouse materials. At first, the eggs are a light [...] families, and it is the major pests in carnation cultures throughout the Mediterranean region, particularly in Israel, Italy, France and Spain. In greenhouses

Olive scale

pest of citrus and olives and occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest in coffee and citrus. Many [...] tissues and dieback. Life cycle and appearance of Olive scale Young females are oval, 3-6 mm long and almost flat. Their shield is dark grey or brown to black [...] black and has two transverse crests and one median ridge that together form the letter H. On citrus, early stages might be yellow but they become darker

Crane flies

emerge from the soil in late summer to fall, and females mate and lay 200-300 eggs. Larvae emerge within one week and then feed on roots and crowns of grasses [...] called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal crops. The adults do [...] spindly legs and one pair of narrow, clear wings with clearly visible veins. Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited on the soil surface

Black root rot of cucurbits

demarcation line on cucumber roots. The lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The [...] away. Infection in the early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may [...] disinfection needs to be applied thoroughly and evenly. Phomopsis sclerotioides forms sclerotia which can survive adverse conditions for years in the soil, but

Impatiens thrips

egg to adult on the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while subsequent stages are found on the upper- and undersides [...] Pupation occurs on the leaf rather than on the ground. The prepupae and pupae remain immobile on the leaf tissue. Adults are found on both upper- and undersides [...] sweet pepper, cucumber and eggplants. It lives exclusively on the leaves and is often present on weeds in greenhouses. Life cycle and appearance of Impatiens