• Fusarium head blight or scab

  primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical pink [...] structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for [...] doesn’t germinate well and seedlings die, causing irregular crop density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or

• Hemp russet mite

  observe. They are elongated (torpedo-shaped), soft and segmented. The body appears to be divided into two parts: the head with the mouthparts, and the rest of [...] nymphal stages and adult. The nymphal stages are sometimes also called larva (1st stage) and nymph (2nd stage). The eggs are approximately 0.05 mm in diameter [...] is caused by the mites sucking out the contents of plant cells. Hemp russet mite develops on the stems and petioles of the hemp plant and can cause stunting

• Apple rosy aphid

  spurs and smaller branches, and on the base of buds of apple trees. The eggs hatch in spring and at first the aphids attack buds, spur leaves and rosette [...] of white wax. The siphunculi are black and tapered, the cauda is dark, short and triangular. Dysaphis plantaginea lays eggs in autumn in bark crevices [...] General The rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea , is a serious apple pest. It is widespread in Europe and also occurs in Africa, North and South America

• Rose aphid

  presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose aphid are 1.7-3.6 mm long and green or deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is [...] is dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter [...] Infestations with rose aphids retard the growth of buds and new shoots. Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew on

• Impatiens thrips

  to adult on the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while subsequent stages are found on the upper- and undersides [...] of the leaf. Pupation occurs on the leaf rather than on the ground. The prepupae and pupae remain immobile on the leaf tissue. Adults are found on both [...] orange pigmentation between the segments, and the dark wings are white at the base. This colouration distinguishes the species from most other thrips species

• Shore fly

  Shore fly The life cycle of the shore fly ( Scatella tenuicosta ) has the following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupa and the adult fly. The eggs are [...] cylindrical. The larvae are found in the top layer of damp soil, where they also pupate. The adult shore fly is black, about 4 to 5 mm long, and stout with [...] are laid singly and are bean-shaped. A first instar larva is translucent white. Second instar larvae are brownish, less translucent and their body is

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem [...] seems wet and slimy. Above or below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, wa [...] water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents

• Silver-Y moth

  light brown and hairy, the antennae are long and thin. The moths fly during the day as well as at night, often in large swarms. They fly rapidly from flower [...] to grey, but the most distinctive feature is the irregular white mark. The hindwings are brown with a broad, dark band along the margin. The body is light [...] Europe for the winter months. The moths can fly 2,000 to 2,500 km. In temperate climates, the species produces one to two overlapping generations, and it is

• Grey mould

  cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus causes lesions [...] wounds. These lesions may encircle the stem, so the part of the plant above the lesion wilts and dies. In vegetables and strawberry, grey mould ( Botryotinia [...] fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and cold-resistant structures) in the soil

• Blueberry aphid

  females. The aphids are mainly found on young shoots. Peak aphid densities are reached in June and July. Sexual adults are produced in September and October [...] betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless females of the blueberry aphid are pale yellow-green. The siphunculi are long and straight. Blueberry aphids [...] have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by pa