• Diamond back moth

  January 1, 1970

  quite small and active. Except for the first instar, which mines in the leaf tissue, the larvae are voracious surface feeders. The pupae of the diamond back [...] toward the apex. The tips of the wings appear to turn upward slightly when viewed from the side. In males, the upper two-thirds of the forewings are dark [...] crevices near the bud. In cauliflower and broccoli, pupation may occur in the florets. Initially, the pupa is pinkish-white to pinkish-yellow and changes to

• Chafers

  January 1, 1970

  long and reddish-brown in colour. The adult beetles fly in the evening, generally in June and July and land on trees to mate. During the night the females [...] General The chafers are beetles of the Scarabaeidae family. The larvae of both species live in the soil and feed on the roots of many plants. They are a serious [...] move to the ground to lay their eggs. Eggs are shiny and white. The eggs hatch after about four weeks and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae

• Grey mould

  January 1, 1970

  cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus causes lesions [...] wounds. These lesions may encircle the stem, so the part of the plant above the lesion wilts and dies. In vegetables and strawberry, grey mould ( Botryotinia [...] fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and cold-resistant structures) in the soil

• Cactus mealybug

  January 1, 1970

  They are actively mobile and known as ‘crawlers’. From the second instar on, they are covered with white waxy exudate and become more sedentary and only [...] stop growing and will eventually die. Life cycle and appearance of Cactus mealybug Mealybugs get their name from the fact that the body of the females from [...] from the third nymphal instar onwards are covered with a white waxy material in the form of powder, threads, spiky projections or platelets. Eggs are laid

• Leaf stripe

  January 1, 1970

  first occur on the first, second and third leaf and subsequently on other leaves. Yellow stripes are formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. [...] gradually extend and become brown and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it [...] may be stunted and heads may be distorted and failing to emerge from the sheath. Ear length and the number of kernels may be reduced and kernels may be

• Woolly apple aphid

  January 1, 1970

  trees sheltering in cracks and under loose bark. The nymphs become active in late March or April (in the northern hemisphere) and around the end of May, large [...] females of the woolly aphid are 1.2-2.6 mm long, purplish brown and covered by masses of white, mealy wax. The siphunculi are pore-like and the cauda is [...] aphids are produced in summer. Winged egg-laying females are produced in early autumn but their eggs do not develop. Contrary to the situation in America

• Goat moth

  January 1, 1970

  widespread in Europe. Damage symptoms Feeding galleries are very extensive and the larvae burrow in all directions in both sap and hart wood. Attacks are usually [...] After the eggs hatch, the larvae bore into the bark and down to the sap wood. Development takes 3 or 4 years. The larvae feed on the wood most of the time [...] cycle and appearance of Goat moth The wingspan of the adults is 70-100 mm; body and wings are dull greyish brown, partly suffused with grey and marked

• Leek moth

  January 1, 1970

  pupa and the adult moth. The eggs are small, white and elliptical and are laid singly on the leaf of Allium plants. After a wandering period on the leaves [...] of the posterior edge of the forewings. The hindwings are uniformly grey. The moth are active at night and rest during the day. Development time is temperature [...] sometimes affected in nurseries. Stored onions and garlic are also damaged. After hatching, the young larva explores the surface and mines the green leaves.

• Vine mealybug

  January 1, 1970

  pupa and adult. The eggs are golden-yellow in color and are deposited in an cottony egg sac (ovisac) containing from 300-500 eggs. The nymphs are very [...] inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves [...] secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced

• Codling moth

  January 1, 1970

  with ash-grey and a large, metallic, bronzy black ocellus on the hind part. The hindwings are brown. The eggs are about 1.3 x 1.0 mm, and whitish opalescent [...] year. The fully grown caterpillars of the last generation overwinter and pupate in spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks [...] common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen and is usually