Cutworms

usually observed as a cutting of young seedlings, often causing death of the cut seedlings. Sometimes wilting is observed because of partial cutting. A larva [...] segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the ground, thereby often cutting the stems of young plants. This is [...] continues cutting. Therefore, relatively small populations of cutworms can destroy entire stands of crops, such as cotton or maize. As plants become larger

Cabbage moth

destroy large numbers of leaves and their frass accumulates in the heart of cabbage, thereby lowering the commercial value of infested crops. Life cycle [...] have a light network of markings. First instar larvae of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) are gregarious, eating the edge of the leaves on which they [...] emerging from their pupae the female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of leaves or elsewhere within the greenhouse structure. The

Silver-Y moth

d leaves, accumulation of frass and destruction of growing points. Life cycle and appearance of Silver-Y moth The forewings of the silver-Y moth ( Autographa [...] roof-like above the body. The female lays up to 2,000 eggs on the underside of the leaves of their host plant, usually separately but sometimes in small groups [...] light and dark stripes. A characteristic feature of this caterpillar is the oscillatory swaying movement of the anterior end. The caterpillars are nocturnal

Two-spotted spider mite

on the leaves affects the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle of two-spotted spider mite Two-spotted spider [...] ( Tetranychus urticae ) is a pest of many crops throughout the world. Despite their small size, they are capable of very rapidly doing severe damage, due [...] plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced photosynthesis, increased

Woolly apple aphid

serious worldwide apple pest. It is probably of North American origin and has been distributed to other parts of the world mainly via infested apple rootstocks [...] entry of pathogenic fungi such as Gloeosporium rots or apple canker. Woolly aphid does little direct harm to mature trees but the sticky masses of “wool” [...] Life cycle and appearance of Woolly apple aphid In contrast to other aphids , the life cycle and survival from year to year of the woolly aphid depends

Brown soft scale

flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of the female is flat [...] colour of the scale darkens as the female ages. The size, shape and characteristics of the female also vary with different host plants. The middle of the [...] symptoms The scales produce enormous quantities of honeydew. This is usually the first visible symptom. Because of this, C. hesperidum is often attended by ants

Shore fly

scale that growth, particularly of young cuttings, can be retarded. Life cycle and appearance of Shore fly The life cycle of the shore fly ( Scatella tenuicosta [...] commonly, often in the vicinity of water. They feed on algae. Other shore fly species have diverse feeding habits but the larvae of most species feed on rotting [...] mm long, and stout with short antennae and short legs. The head of the adult has a pair of conspicuous eyes. The wings have grey-brown patches. Although

Tomato leafminer

cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer The female moth of the tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta ) lays about 260 eggs. The eggs of the tomato leaf miner [...] tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta), a major pest of field- and greenhouse-grown tomatoes, belongs to the family of Gelechiidae . It is oligophagous, feeding mainly [...] chilense , and Solanum nigrum. Damage symptoms The most distinctive symptoms of damage done by the tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta) are the blotch-shaped

Flies

directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and [...] nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae ( sciarid flies ) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on [...] to plants, they are often a problem due to their large number. Larvae of flies of the family Keroplatidae (mainly Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted

Macrolophus pygmaeus

Consumption of plant sap, however, can cause damage to crops such as certain varieties of tomato, and gerbera. Conditions that promote the onset of such problems [...] problems include a shortage of prey, a high population of bugs (more than 100-150 per plant), and a weak crop. More delicate types of tomato are more susceptible [...] conditions for use of Macrolophus pygmaeus Optimal temperatures for Mirical are above 20°C/68°F, lower temperatures slow down the development of Macrolophus pygmaeus