• Gummy stem blight

  infected directly, through wounds, hydathodes (the end of leaf veins) or the hair bases. Stems are infected through wounds and by the infected leaves through

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle the root. The roots become yellow-brown

• Box tree moth

  box trees. The light green larvae have black stripes with white dots and hairs and a black head. Depending on environmental conditions such as day length

• Cutworms

  wingspan is about 40-55 mm and the dorsal thorax is covered with close-lying hairs. The eggs are white at first but rapidly turn darker. They are laid separately

• Tomato russet mite

  brittle. Badly affected tomato leaves and stems lose their trichomes (leaf hairs). Affected stems turn a rusty brown colour, and in serious cases they may

• Silver-Y moth

  brownish green, sometimes with a black lateral line. The body has stiff hairs and is usually greenish with a light lateral line. Below the lateral line

• Tomato looper

  longitudinal stripes dorsally. The body is sparsely covered with a few stiff hairs. In older caterpillars , each segment has a clear black dot above the lateral

• May beetle

  visible in the aerial parts of the plant, as the larvae only feed on root hairs and organic material during the first and second instars. When they move

• Sciarid flies

  algae and fungi present in the soil. They, however, can also feed on root hairs, rootlets, and tender root, stem and leaf tissue. Later instars may even

• Flies

  the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and tender roots as well as stem and leaf tissue and fruits. The lesions