• Cutworms

  for instance the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close [...] become negatively phototaxic and feed mostly at night and hide in the ground during the day. Damage from these instars is usually observed as a cutting [...] will occasionally tunnel into the growing stalk, disrupting the sap flow in the plant. Life cycle and appearance of Cutworms The adults of Agrotis spp. have

• Long-tailed mealybug

  inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing [...] defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars [...] mealybug The long-tailed mealy bug is easily recognized by the long, posterior tail filaments, which are at least the length of the body itself. The length

• Boisduval scale

  in their appearance and damage symptoms. Here, the Boisduval scale is described in more detail, as it is the most important one. The Boisduval scale, Diaspis [...] plants. Damage symptoms The first sign of Boisduval scale is the presence of the scales on upper and lower leaf surfaces, fruits, and stems of plants. On palms [...] this scale tends to prefer the leaf midrib and the portion of the petiole that is covered by the sheath. Small infestations on orchids cause extensive di

• Black tea thrips

  fliers and tend to remain in the shaded areas on the plant. The eggs are white and banana-shaped and are inserted singly in plant tissue by the females [...] larger eyes. It is yellowish and then darkens with age. The antennae are bent backward over the head in the pupal stage. The prepupal and pupal stages do not [...] surface first and, as feeding progresses and the population increases, moves to the upper surface. The leaves become discoloured and become distorted between

• Oak processionary moth

  of this moth refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long processions. The moth is native to central and southern Europe but is now present in almost [...] twigs and covered by hairs from the female. The first instar larvae overwinter within the eggs and hatch in mid- or late April. They are nocturnal and feed [...] months. From the 5th instar on, the larvae start building silken nests at the base of lower branches, on the trunks or at the base of the trunks, which

• Cabbage leafroller

  rest, the wings are held folded almost horizontally over the body. The antennae are thin and of medium length. The moths fly when it is dark. The yellow [...] out, causing the shoot or growing point to wilt and die. Life cycle and appearance of Cabbage leafroller An adult female is 12 mm long and is ochre-yellow [...] capsule and prothoracic shield. The body is drab brown with lateral stripes that are sometimes light in colour. The ventral surface is lighter than the dorsal

• Cactus mealybug

  eventually die. Life cycle and appearance of Cactus mealybug Mealybugs get their name from the fact that the body of the females from the third nymphal instar onwards [...] but its origin is not clear. It is now found on many greenhouse-grown succulents around the world as it was probably distributed by the trade in ornamental [...] discoloration of the plants and later necrosis of the tissue. Plant deformations can also occur. Heavily infested plants stop growing and will eventually

• Brown soft scale

  can cover the leaves, flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of [...] of the scale darkens as the female ages. The size, shape and characteristics of the female also vary with different host plants. The middle of the scale [...] C. hesperidum is often attended by ants. The ants will clean and protect the coccids and in turn benefit from a rich food source. The honeydew also quickly

• Tomato moth

  along the posterior edge of the forewing. As in most noctuid moths, the hindwing is greyish and lighter than the forewing, with a darker shadow at the margin [...] margin. The antennae are long and thin. Head and thorax are reddish-brown while the abdomen is a lighter grey-brown. The females of the tomato moth (Lacanobia [...] as well as perennial and woody shrubs and trees. The tomato moth ( Lacanobia oleracea) is found throughout Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, temperate

• Greenhouse whitefly

  rods. This is called the pupa stadium and these pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result [...] result of sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding