Potato aphid
is, with unfertilized viviparous females continuing to produce new generations of females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each [...] days distributed throughout the world. It is a highly polyphagous species with a preference for Solanaceae (particularly potato), but has also been identified [...] sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.)