Impatiens thrips

leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations [...] able to spread as a consequence of the trade in foliage plants. Impatiens thrips (Echinothrips americanus) has a wide range of hosts. In addition to many [...] leaf tissue. Adults are found on both upper- and undersides of the leaves. This species of thrips is relatively large. Both males and females are dark

Oleander aphid

the origin of its principal host plant, oleander. Damage symptoms The colonies of bright yellow aphids can easily be seen on the shoots of the host plants [...] eggs and that the progeny are clones of the adult female. The nymphs feed in colonies on the shoots at the top of the plant. Nymphs progress through five [...] but winged adults occur under conditions of overcrowding and when plants are senescing. The parthenogenetic mode of reproduction, high fecundity, and short

Olive scale

Removal of large quantities of sap debilitate the plant and can cause wilting, desiccation of tissues and dieback. Life cycle and appearance of Olive scale [...] affected. Damage symptoms Olive scales produce large amounts of honeydew causing build-up of sticky deposits on nearby surfaces. The honeydew may attract [...] veins on the lower sides of mature leaves. Many young females migrate to twigs and branches later and remain there for the rest of their lives.

Black bean aphid

regions, where it is a serious economic pest of beans. It is highly polyphagous, and attacks a wide range of other crops. Damage symptoms Economic damage [...] damage is caused through the transmission of plant viruses. Infestations start usually at the younger parts of the plant but can spread all over the plant [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit

European red mite

apple growing areas of the world. European Red Mite Control with Predatory Mites Damage symptoms Feeding of European red mites on leaves of trees causes initially [...] Panonychus ulmi , is mainly a pest of fruit trees (apple, pear, plum and cherry). However, it can attack a large scale of other woody plants and is occasionally [...] leaves can drop. Life cycle and appearance of European red mite The European red mite feeds mainly on the undersides of leaves but moves to upper leaf surfaces

American serpentine leaf miner

tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity of foliage can get damaged [...] ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf [...] intermediate forms of tunnelling between these ‘plate mines’ and normal mines, making it an unreliable criterion for the identification of the species. Indirect

Mottled arum aphid

they produce large amounts of honeydew, which provides an excellent substrate for the growth of black sooty mould. Large areas of mould covering the leaves [...] Damage symptoms Large colonies of mottled arum aphids can greatly reduce plant vigour and kill the plant through sucking of plant sap. However, also at lower [...] Reproduction of the mottled arum aphid is entirely by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous females continuously producing new generations of females

Boisduval scale

be a pest of orchids, palms, pineapples, bananas and many other plants. Damage symptoms The first sign of Boisduval scale is the presence of the scales [...] and stems of plants. On palms, Boisduval scales are normally found on the leaves and stems. Toxic saliva injected while feeding causes necrosis of tissue [...] portion of the petiole that is covered by the sheath. Small infestations on orchids cause extensive discolouration. Life cycle and appearance of Boisduval

Black vine weevil

within the stems of the plants. Both adult beetles and larvae are polyphagous and feed on a large number of plant species. High populations of larvae can destroy [...] ornamental plants. Life cycle and appearance of Black vine weevil The life cycle of the black vine weevil consists of an egg, 6 or 7 larval instars, a pupal instar [...] caused by the feeding of the larvae on the roots. After the roots have been destroyed the larvae move into corms, rhizomes and stem bases of plants. Larvae can

Beetles

species, Coleoptera is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in [...] belong to the order Coleoptera, a well-known group of insects that are easily recognizable on account of their hard wing covers (elytra). With more than 350 [...] fly at all. Beetle damage Both larvae and adults of beetles can cause damage to crops. The larvae of some species feed on growing tips and roots or chew