Flies

shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist substrates that is rich in organic matter. Although they [...] are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila , Drosophila suzukii , has recently developed into a major pest on soft fruits in Europe and North [...] Diptera Flies What are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage

Potato aphid

occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] longitudinal stripe running along the dorsal surface. In green individuals, this stripe is dark green, while in pink specimens it is dark red. This longitudinal [...] species from more than 20 families. Various vegetable and ornamental crops grown in greenhouses are colonized, including tomato, aubergine and roses. Damage symptoms

Click beetles

6-10 mm long and yellowish brown to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start [...] fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear about 4 weeks after pupation, but usually remain in the soil until the following [...] of plants. This can cause the plants to wilt and die. Damage is more severe in young plants. Life cycle and appearance of Click beetles Adult Agriotis sp

Large blackberry aphid

species. The large blackberry aphid is widely distributed in Europe and also established in New Zealand. It only feeds on cultivated and wild blackberries [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] Winged aphids usually appear in June and July and migrate to new canes or host plants where they produce wingless aphids again. In October to December winged

Large raspberry aphid

cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] raspberry aphid are laid near the base of vegetative canes and hatch in spring. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside of leaves and [...] Winged aphids usually appear in June and July and migrate to new canes or host plants where they produce wingless aphids again. In October to December winged

Circular scale

has been dispersed widely in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, mostly in association with the citrus industry. In more northern countries of [...] of its range, it occurs in greenhouses. In addition to citrus, it occurs on many other plants. Damage symptoms Chrysomphalus aonidum has a preference for [...] humid environments. In citrus, it tends to prefer the lower and central parts of mature trees. Circular scale prefers the leaves, but in high infestations

Glasshouse potato aphid

to deformations in the growing tip of the plant. Precisely where the plant is pierced is unimportant. The piercing of the lower leaves in the crop can cause [...] margins. The immediate effects of piercing by the aphids are visible in lower leaves in the form of yellow patches. Heavy yellowing may even be followed by [...] presence in the crop. The wingless adult stage of the greenhouse potato aphid is rather squat, of medium size (1.8 - 3.0 mm long) and oval in shape. It

Tobacco aphid

) probably evolved from the peach potato aphid in the Far East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco [...] tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses, such as sweet pepper, aubergine, chrysanthemum, and [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low

Woolly apple aphid

covering) on apple trees sheltering in cracks and under loose bark. The nymphs become active in late March or April (in the northern hemisphere) and around [...] are produced in summer. Winged egg-laying females are produced in early autumn but their eggs do not develop. Contrary to the situation in America, South [...] world mainly via infested apple rootstocks. It can occasionally also be found in pear, quince and a few other woody Rosaceae. Damage symptoms Galls are often

Carnation tortrix

it is the major pests in carnation cultures throughout the Mediterranean region, particularly in Israel, Italy, France and Spain. In greenhouses, it is most [...] swollen appearance. In some cases, it may not be apparent that flowers are infested. The species is particularly troublesome in the culture of carnations [...] between the yellow to purple forewings (with a dark brown band in the females and two red bands in the males) and the hindwings (bright orange) ensure that the