• Hemispherical scale

  hemispherical or helmet scale, Saissetia coffeae , occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest in coffee and [...] and citrus. Many ornamental crops can also be affected, including various different species of fern, orchid, ficus, oleander and carnation. Damage symptoms [...] quite easy to see as shiny brown domes on leaf undersides close to the midribs. They produce large amounts of honeydew causing build-up of sticky deposits

• Olive scale

  Saissetia oleae , is a cosmopolitan pest of citrus and olives and occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest [...] pest in coffee and citrus. Many ornamental crops can also be affected. Damage symptoms Olive scales produce large amounts of honeydew causing build-up of [...] deposits on nearby surfaces. The honeydew may attract attendant ants and sooty moulds grow on the sugary deposits. Removal of large quantities of sap debilitate

• Oleander scale

  General Aspidiotus nerii , the oleander scale or white scale belongs to the Coccoidea and has an almost worldwide distribution. Host plants include olive [...] symptoms Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause [...] photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects

• Circular scale

  aonidum is a tropical species, native to the Oriental region but it has been dispersed widely in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, mostly in association [...] with the citrus industry. In more northern countries of its range, it occurs in greenhouses. In addition to citrus, it occurs on many other plants. Damage [...] Chrysomphalus aonidum has a preference for humid environments. In citrus, it tends to prefer the lower and central parts of mature trees. Circular scale

• Pea leaf miner

  occurs in a variety of vegetable and ornamental crops. It originates from South and Middle America and has subsequently spread via plant material. It is now [...] the world. This species can be particularly damaging to leaf vegetables and causes problems especially in lettuce grown on open ground. Damage symptoms [...] miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature

• Southern European marshland pyralid

  European marshland pyralid or European pepper moth (Duponchelia fovealis) is a polyphagous species feeding on a wide range of hosts from 38 plant families. They [...] such as roses and gerbera, aquatic plants, vegetable crops such as celery, pepper and lettuce, and weeds. The secretive habit of the caterpillars of this [...] makes them very difficult to control with synthetic pesticides. Damage symptoms The caterpillars often stay in the lower strata of the crop, sometimes attacking

• Common asparagus beetle

  common asparagus beetle ( Crioceris asparagi ) is a major, host-specific pest of asparagus in most asparagus producing regions of the world. Damage symptoms [...] symptoms Both adults and larvae feed on the leaves of asparagus. As the larvae feed, they secrete a blackish fluid, consisting of faecal material, which may c [...] cycle and appearance of Common asparagus beetle The life cycle of the asparagus beetle has the following stages: egg, 4 larval instars, a pupal instar and

• Brown soft scale

  Coccus hesperidum is very common in tropical and sub-tropical regions and is also a common pest in greenhouses throughout the world. C. hesperidum has many [...] such as schefflera, ficus, hibiscus, oleander, palms, ferns and orchids. Damage symptoms The scales produce enormous quantities of honeydew. This is usually [...] symptom. Because of this, C. hesperidum is often attended by ants. The ants will clean and protect the coccids and in turn benefit from a rich food source

• Leek moth

  The leek moth is present throughout Europe. It is also found in some Asian countries and has been introduced to parts of Canada. The larvae of Acrolepiopsis [...] sis assectella feed on cultivated Allium species, primarily leek and onion, but also garlic and chives. Damage symptoms The vegetative and flowering stages [...] stages are most widely affected, but the seedling stage is sometimes affected in nurseries. Stored onions and garlic are also damaged. After hatching, the

• Woolly apple aphid

  Eriosoma lanigerum , is a serious worldwide apple pest. It is probably of North American origin and has been distributed to other parts of the world mainly [...] rootstocks. It can occasionally also be found in pear, quince and a few other woody Rosaceae. Damage symptoms Galls are often produced on infested wood [...] stock. If the galls split they may allow entry of pathogenic fungi such as Gloeosporium rots or apple canker. Woolly aphid does little direct harm to mature