Apple rosy aphid

plantaginea lays eggs in autumn in bark crevices on spurs and smaller branches, and on the base of buds of apple trees. The eggs hatch in spring and at first [...] Dysaphis plantaginea , is a serious apple pest. It is widespread in Europe and also occurs in Africa, North and South America, and Asia and can cause severe [...] great variety in colour. They moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Adult

Cabbage leafroller

y gerbera. In chrysanthemum too, this species is an increasing problem, and it has caused problems in sweet pepper since the mid 1980’s. In protected soft [...] light in colour. The ventral surface is lighter than the dorsal, with hairs located in warty spots that are lighter than the general body colour. In general [...] are laid in batches of 10 to 90 pieces and covered with a gelatinous layer on the upper side of leaves, preferably on major veins or depressions in the epidermis

Long-tailed mealybug

yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must [...] sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production. In ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs [...] first kept beneath the body in a network of fine waxy threads. Over two or three weeks, a female produces 100-200 nymphs. In the summer, the life cycle

Oak processionary moth

individuals. The larvae usually stay in their nests during the day leaving at night in a characteristic procession to feed in the canopy of the trees. If the [...] native to central and southern Europe but is now present in almost all European countries and also in parts of the Middle East. Damage symptoms The nests of [...] within the eggs and hatch in mid- or late April. They are nocturnal and feed gregariously. The newly emerged larvae are brown. In later instars, their body

Geranium aphid

strawberry foliage, particularly along the petioles. In outdoor strawberries they reach their peak in June. Winged aphids are formed from May onwards and [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Acyrthosiphon malvae rogersii is holocyclic (i.e. they mate in autumn and produce eggs to overwinter)

Flies

shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist substrates that is rich in organic matter. Although they [...] are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila , Drosophila suzukii , has recently developed into a major pest on soft fruits in Europe and North [...] Diptera Flies What are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage

Potato aphid

occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] longitudinal stripe running along the dorsal surface. In green individuals, this stripe is dark green, while in pink specimens it is dark red. This longitudinal [...] species from more than 20 families. Various vegetable and ornamental crops grown in greenhouses are colonized, including tomato, aubergine and roses. Damage symptoms

Click beetles

6-10 mm long and yellowish brown to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start [...] fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear about 4 weeks after pupation, but usually remain in the soil until the following [...] of plants. This can cause the plants to wilt and die. Damage is more severe in young plants. Life cycle and appearance of Click beetles Adult Agriotis sp

Large blackberry aphid

species. The large blackberry aphid is widely distributed in Europe and also established in New Zealand. It only feeds on cultivated and wild blackberries [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] Winged aphids usually appear in June and July and migrate to new canes or host plants where they produce wingless aphids again. In October to December winged

Large raspberry aphid

cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] raspberry aphid are laid near the base of vegetative canes and hatch in spring. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside of leaves and [...] Winged aphids usually appear in June and July and migrate to new canes or host plants where they produce wingless aphids again. In October to December winged