• Dwarf bunt

  temperatures. How to prevent Dwarf bunt Use resistant cultivars. However, the fungi may form new isolates that can break resistance Use clean, disinfected [...] teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionally, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels [...] germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks for germination. The seedlings are infected after emergence; the two- to three-leaf stage plants are most

• Damping-off

  c, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent Damping-off Use resistant cultivars or graft on tolerant cultivars Use clean planting material Ensure regular [...] Increase the distance to the main substrate at the start by using higher substrate blocks for the seedlings. In field crops: Avoid the use of fields with inadequate [...] spores with flagellae, which enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to the growing roots of young plants and move towards

• Early blight

  species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Early blight Remove crop residues, weeds and volunteer plants. Use clean seed and propagation materials [...] specific symptoms. Damage symptoms Alternaria solani causes small green to dark brown spots to occur on leaves. Those spots then turn into dark brown angular lesions [...] of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers (especially dangerous in crops for seed production) and to the crown. Sporulation of Alternaria occurs

• Fusarium wilt

  branch off from the tap root. How to prevent Fusarium wilt Remove or destroy crop residues Choose resistant cultivars Use clean propagation materials (seed [...] plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable for planting for many years to come. Life cycle and appearance of Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum has many [...] Some also produce ascospores. The Fusarium oxysporum life cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the

• Macrocheles robustulus

  structure. The minimum temperature for successful use of Macrocheles robustulus is 15°C (59°F). How to use Macrocheles robustulus The predatory mite Macrocheles [...] size and pearly white. Best conditions for use of Macrocheles robustulus For optimal results the soil has to be moist, rich in organic matter and have a [...] strategies. Macrocheles robustulus for pest control Macrocheles robustulus is used for the control of the following pests: Sciarid flies (fungus gnats) Thrips

• Parasitoid wasps

  outbreaks of specific pest species. How do parasitoid wasps control pests? Parasitoid wasps employ two primary methods to control pests: parasitisation and [...] body or attaches them to the host's exterior. Larval development: When the parasitoid wasp eggs hatch, the newly emerged larvae begin to feed on the host pest [...] beneficial insects, animals, or the environment. Benefits of parasitoid wasps Using parasitoid wasps for pest control offers a range of benefits: Enhanced crop

• Cerall, a powerful seed treatment solution against seed-borne diseases in cereal crops

  Seed-borne diseases are harmful to your crop and can have a big impact on your yield. Want to know more about these diseases and how to recognize them? Click on [...] a seed coating - the seeds are treated prior to sowing. Cerall remains effective on stored seeds for up to one year after application. Once the seeds have [...] reduces abiotic stresses, resulting in improved crop yields Easy and safe to use Can be applied with existing seed-treatment equipment Effective in a wide

• Root and crown rot of strawberry

  stimulates disease development. How to prevent Root and crown rot of strawberry Avoid stress: Take runner tips at the right stage to avoid stress and make plants [...] clavispora. Pestalotiopsis clavispora has been connected to strawberry diseases, but has also been linked to rose diseases. Damage symptoms Pestalotiopsis clavispora [...] Avoid overhead irrigation, since it seems to increase disease development Provide balanced nutrition Avoid damage to the plants by pest insects or plant handling

• Verticillium wilt

  the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt. Spores may be wind-dispersed to new hosts. In the senescent tissue [...] whereas Verticillium dahliae has an optimum temperature around 25-27 °C. How to prevent Verticillium wilt Start with clean soil or substrate by heating [...] 65 o C for a minimum of 30 minutes Use clean seed, tubers or cuttings Grow less susceptible cultivars Prevent damage to the roots by controlling the nematodes

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  chances of infection. How to prevent Fusarium head blight or scab Remove or destroy crop residues Choose resistant cultivars Use clean propagation materials [...] primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical [...] materials (seed can be treated effectively with hot water) Use clean substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses