Onion thrips

prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. [...] cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black [...] indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations become serious the leaves themselves can shrivel

Horse-chestnut leaf miner

in the firsts instar up to 3.5 mm in the fourth instar. The pupa is brown and is 2.9-4.5 mm long. The horse-chestnut leaf miner overwinters in the pupal [...] lower parenchyma. The mine starts to turn yellow and later brown. By this time, the damage is very visible. Eventually the mines may cover the entire surface [...] true cocoon in the mine. The percentage of larvae which spin true cocoons increases in each of the subsequent generations. Adults of the first generation

Black vine weevil

It belongs to the family Curculionidae. Damage symptoms The major damage is caused by the feeding of the larvae on the roots. After the roots have been [...] temperate climates, the small (0.7 mm diameter), spherical white eggs are laid from the beginning of July until around the end of October. The larvae that hatch [...] Overwintering occurs in the larval stage, usually as medium sized instars. Once the temperature rises, the larvae become active again. The full-grown larvae

Silver-Y moth

feature is the irregular white mark. The hindwings are brown with a broad, dark band along the margin. The body is light brown and hairy, the antennae are [...] with their wings folded roof-like above the body. The female lays up to 2,000 eggs on the underside of the leaves of their host plant, usually separately but [...] feature of this caterpillar is the oscillatory swaying movement of the anterior end. The caterpillars are nocturnal. When the caterpillar is full-grown, it

Natutec Airobreez

Always charge the battery before use: the battery is fully charged when the light is green Place the battery to connect to the device Clip on the shoulder belt [...] speed for the determined amount to be released Remove the cap of the reservoir Fill the reservoir with the material to be released and close the reservoir [...] belt of the Natutec Airobreez Place the bucket wheel and the dispense unit (if needed) Calculate dosage per bay using the dosage chart Select the right dosage

Oleander aphid

rather than eggs and that the progeny are clones of the adult female. The nymphs feed in colonies on the shoots at the top of the plant. Nymphs progress through [...] region, the origin of its principal host plant, oleander. Damage symptoms The colonies of bright yellow aphids can easily be seen on the shoots of the host [...] host plants. The damage caused by the aphid colonies is mainly aesthetic due to the large amounts of sticky honeydew produced and the resulting black sooty

Brown soft scale

of the scale darkens as the female ages. The size, shape and characteristics of the female also vary with different host plants. The middle of the scale [...] hesperidum is often attended by ants. The ants will clean and protect the coccids and in turn benefit from a rich food source. The honeydew also quickly becomes [...] can cover the leaves, flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of

Leaf miners

lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of [...] belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves of plants [...] parts of the world. Under natural conditions, the larvae of these species are parasitized by parasitic wasps and so cause few problems. However, the use of

Tomato looper

Older instars eat through the leaves, which make them appear skeletonized. The last two instars may eat the entire leaf except for the midrib or other large [...] white marks on the forewing that sometimes overlap each other. The hindwings are brown. The body is brown and hairy and, when at rest, the hairy dorsal plume [...] prolegs, instead of the normal five and therefore the caterpillar moves with the same looping motion as an inchworm (geometrid). The cocoon is usually attached

Tobacco aphid

on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across the body. The antennae are 0.7-1.0 times the body length, reaching to the siphunculi. The body [...] of dispersing through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach potato aphid [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation