• Goat moth

  goat-like smell. Trees eventually die. Life cycle and appearance of Goat moth The wingspan of the adults is 70-100 mm; body and wings are dull greyish brown [...] wood. Attacks are usually confined to the trunk of mature tress. Sap frequently exudes from the bark of attacked trees. The larvae emit an unpleasant goat-like [...] General The goat moth ( Cossus cossus ), is a pest of broad-leafed trees. It is most often found in birch, ash, willow and elm but can also attack fruit

• Hemispherical scale

  Badly fouled leaves may drop prematurely. Life cycle and appearance of Hemispherical scale An adult female of S. coffeae has a hemispherical form with a [...] undersides close to the midribs. They produce large amounts of honeydew causing build-up of sticky deposits on nearby surfaces. The honeydew may attract [...] ornamental crops can also be affected, including various different species of fern, orchid, ficus, oleander and carnation. Damage symptoms The scales present

• Early blight

  leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread [...] infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, up to eight years for several Alternaria spp. Typically, Alternaria causes early blight of potato [...] humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general the risk of Alternaria

• Strawberry aphid

  strawberry aphid is an important vector of several plant viruses affecting strawberries. Life cycle and appearance of Strawberry aphid Aphids moult four times [...] aphid pest of strawberries. It can cause direct damage by feeding and transmits viruses. Damage symptoms Chaetosiphon fragaefolii is one of the most serious [...] Reproduction of the strawberry aphid is exclusively by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous females continuously producing new generations of females

• Oleander scale

  symptoms Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause [...] photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects [...] leaf and shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a greyish, dirty white

• Boisduval scale

  be a pest of orchids, palms, pineapples, bananas and many other plants. Damage symptoms The first sign of Boisduval scale is the presence of the scales [...] portion of the petiole that is covered by the sheath. Small infestations on orchids cause extensive discolouration. Life cycle and appearance of Boisduval [...] and stems of plants. On palms, Boisduval scales are normally found on the leaves and stems. Toxic saliva injected while feeding causes necrosis of tissue

• Pear psylla

  bark of pear trees. The adults become active in spring and start to feed on young leaves and flowers. Eggs are deposited in crevices of the bark of twigs [...] season may affect the harvest of the next year by weakening or killing fruit buds. Pear psyllas excrete large amounts of honeydew. Sooty moulds often grow [...] shoots, leaves and developing fruits with a sticky black layer. Life cycle and appearance of Pear psylla Adults pear psyllas are 2-3 mm long and orange red

• Verticillium wilt

  and Verticillium dahlia e are the most important plant pathogens. Verticillium dahlia causes verticillium wilt and early dying of potato. Damage symptoms [...] The symptoms may occur only in parts of the plant. Cutting the stalk horizontally reveals a slight discolouration of the vessels, brown or greenish, but [...] present without clear symptoms or with only partial wilting. Life cycle and appearance of Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae survives for prolonged

• Brown soft scale

  flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of the female is flat [...] colour of the scale darkens as the female ages. The size, shape and characteristics of the female also vary with different host plants. The middle of the [...] symptoms The scales produce enormous quantities of honeydew. This is usually the first visible symptom. Because of this, C. hesperidum is often attended by ants

• Chrysoperla carnea

  honeydew and most will fly out of the greenhouse. Life cycle of Chrysoperla carnea You can recognize the different life stages of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla [...] s. The larvae of green lacewings are particularly effective predators. The green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea is used for the control of the following pests: [...] Chrysoperla carnea is available at Koppert as Chrysopa and Chrysopa-E . Best conditions for use of Chrysoperla carnea Chrysoperla carnea is effective in a wide