• Cottony soft rot

  naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur on stems but also on leaves, fruits and pods. Root infection often leads to premature wilting [...] is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum [...] base. The plant above it wilts and rots. White, fluffy fungal mycelium grows on the lesions, giving this disease its name cottony soft rot. In the mycelium

• Obscure mealybug

  sometimes encountered on tomato, primarily at the foot of the stalk. In an overhead wire system of cultivation, the mealybugs are often located on the horizontal [...] cause damage in ornamental crops such as passiflora, pelargonium, and orchids. Pseudococcus viburni is difficult to control biologically. Damage symptoms [...] s. A few species can also transmit harmful viruses. Mealybugs inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant

• Long-tailed mealybug

  auxiliary buds and prefers a warm, humid environment. Damage symptoms Mealybugs inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the [...] the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves, sometimes followed by defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of [...] stically, dark sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .) are often found growing on this honeydew. Additionally, the white, waxy secretion of the mealybugs, reduces

• Olive scale

  crops can also be affected. Damage symptoms Olive scales produce large amounts of honeydew causing build-up of sticky deposits on nearby surfaces. The honeydew [...] The emerging crawlers settle mostly along the main veins on the lower sides of mature leaves. Many young females migrate to twigs and branches later and [...] honeydew may attract attendant ants and sooty moulds grow on the sugary deposits. Removal of large quantities of sap debilitate the plant and can cause wilting

• Pepino mosaic virus

  Symptoms can vary depending on the strain, environmental conditions, and tomato variety, but common signs include: On leaves Mosaic or mottled patterns [...] chlorosis On fruits Marbling or uneven ripening Yellow or orange discoloration Necrotic streaks or spotting Reduced fruit quality and market value On plants [...] greenhouse tomato production worldwide. Due to its rapid spread and impact on fruit quality, effective prevention and management are critical for maintaining

• Fusarium wilt

  oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other [...] the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse [...] instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and during post-harvest storage and enhance wound healing after harvest, depending on the crop Prevent plant

• Boisduval scale

  fruits, and stems of plants. On palms, Boisduval scales are normally found on the leaves and stems. Toxic saliva injected while feeding causes necrosis of [...] pineapples, bananas and many other plants. Damage symptoms The first sign of Boisduval scale is the presence of the scales on upper and lower leaf surfaces, fruits [...] These three species of Diaspi s are very similar in their appearance and damage symptoms. Here, the Boisduval scale is described in more detail, as it is

• Shore fly

  Frass deposited on leaves or flowers in ornamental crops, lettuce and herbs also causes cosmetic damage, and sometimes this can occur on such a scale that [...] vicinity of water. They feed on algae. Other shore fly species have diverse feeding habits but the larvae of most species feed on rotting material. Shore flies [...] commonly found in greenhouses. Damage symptoms Shore flies ( Scatella tenuicosta) do not attack plants directly, as they feed on green algae. However, they

• Common cockchafer

  Scarabaeidae. Damage symptoms The common cockchafer ( Melolontha melolontha ) does most of its damage in the larval stage, when it feeds on roots of grasses [...] grasses and clover. The adults feed on the leaves of trees, mainly on oak, maple, beech and plum. Life cycle and appearance of Common cockchafer The life

• Bean seed fly

  to healthy plants. Damage to seeds: Darkened or damaged seeds, as bean seed fly larvae feed on seeds and can cause significant damage. Presence of larvae: [...] seedlings. Secondly, inspect the seeds for damage. Look for darkened or damaged seeds, as bean seed fly larvae feed on seeds germinating in the ground, causing [...] larvae burrow into the soil and feed on the seeds and roots of young plants. Larvae mainly attack seedlings by feeding on emerged roots and cotyledons. Plants