Bacterial wilt, brown rot

show signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant [...] s roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] bacterial slime oozing from the cut. When the bacteria transfers to young plants through infected tubers, the wilting and collapse of plants happens rapidly

Glume blotch

glumes. In the centre of the lesions, light-coloured translucent pycnidia (fruiting bodies) with new spores occur. The lesions may merge, turning the whole [...] germ tubes can infect the leaves of the plants directly or through stomata. The lesions become visible after five to seven days. On the lesions, new pycnidia [...] temperature for germination of the conidia is between 20 and 25 °C. The ascospores are responsible for wind dispersal of the fungus over longer distances

Experience Centre

average of 1,5 hours and is suitable for groups of up to 15 visitors. In the case of bigger groups, the programme can be adapted in consultation. The Experience [...] you know that the vision of bumblebees differs vastly to that of humans and that we use that difference to provide our clients with the most effective [...] pollination , come and visit the Koppert Experience Centre where you can take an interactive journey through the fascinating world of sustainable cultivation

Dwarf bunt

sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive [...] sporidium. Two mating types are distinguished. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle with a basidiospore of the other mating type so that H-shaped structures

Fusarium head blight or scab

density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum. On the infected [...] takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. Gibberella zeae [...] spread the disease. Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum ) primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia germinate and infect through the stomata or directly through the cuticle [...] On the lesions, pycnidia are formed from which orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is by splash dispersal of these [...] below 20 °C and the spores require water for dispersal. Damage symptoms Ascochyta pisi causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of peas. The spots on leaves

Wheat bunt

sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] sporidium. Two mating types are distinguished. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle with a basidiospore of the other mating type so that H-shaped structures [...] eventually inside the kernels. When that happens, the fungal mycelium turns into teliospores and the whole kernel becomes a bunt ball full of teliospores. These

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and [...] primary source of infection by Rhizobium rhizogenes has not yet been defined. The assumption is that the bacteria survive in the soil, but it is possible [...] including disinfection of tools, drippers, gutters etc. Adjust the work order in greenhouses to fit with the hygiene protocol Disinfect the nutrient solution

Phytophthora blight

from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores [...] fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s.

Cottony soft rot

infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating [...] germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside the plant and kills the host cells. On the infected plant tissue white, fluffy mycelium occurs [...] with new dark sclerotia. The fungus also infects seeds and tubers, thereby creating a source of infection for the next crop. The dispersal to neighbouring