Bacterial wilt, brown rot

very wide range of potential host plants. Damage symptoms In potato, field symptoms of Ralstonia solanacearum are wilting and yellowing of leaves and stunted [...] leaves are affected first. They show signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for [...] l regions and is transferred by the introduction of propagation materials (seed potatoes, cuttings of ornamentals ) from warmer regions. Different races

Damping-off

and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection [...] infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes [...] conditions, especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate

Fusarium head blight or scab

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are [...] irregular crop density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum [...] Ensure there is adequate soil drainage Apply nitrogen in the form of nitrate instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and during post-harvest storage

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

lesions of stems, leaves, and pods (pea leaf spot and pea pod spot). Damage symptoms Ascochyta pisi causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of peas. The [...] stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds may have brown areas. Life cycle and appearance of Pea blight, leaf and pod spot [...] formed from which orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is by splash dispersal of these conidia. There is no known sexual

Leaf stripe

the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. They gradually extend and become brown and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf [...] and the number of kernels may be reduced and kernels may be brown. The symptoms do not always occur together. Life cycle and appearance of Leaf stripe P [...] environments without irrigation, to decrease the chances of infection Use clean seed Avoid the use of untreated farm-saved seeds or at least test the seed

Glume blotch

Perithecia are also formed on dead glumes and stems. In case of severe infection , the heads of wheat become black and the kernels become shrivelled and deformed [...] optimum temperature for germination of the conidia is between 20 and 25 °C. The ascospores are responsible for wind dispersal of the fungus over longer distances [...] General Parastagonospora nodorum (Phaeosphaeria nodorum) is a fungal pathogen of wheat , barley and ryethat induces yield and quality losses. Damage symptoms

Gummy stem blight

tools and hands of workers. The ascospores are the main source of dispersal of disease upwards in the crop and the conidia for spread of the disease downwards [...] which can only be recognized from the outside by the small narrowing of the tip of the mature fruits. The symptoms on stems, leaves and inside the fruits [...] fruits may occur together or individually. Life cycle and appearance of Gummy stem blight Mycosphaerella cucumis survives in crop debris and produces the sexual

Dwarf bunt

appearance of Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection [...] the common name stinking bunt. Additionally, plants only reach a fraction of their normal height. Spikes are generally broader and the glumes opened wider [...] transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological point of view. The teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores

Grey mould

fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato [...] infection from infected parent plants. Life cycle and appearance of Grey mould Spores of grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) need moisture [...] larger grey-brown lesions. The symptoms on fruits, flowers and on various parts of potted plants often only become visible during and after cold storage. In

Wheat bunt

laevis cause diseases such as common wheat bunt, stinking smut, karnal bunt of wheat. Damage symptoms Plantsinfected by Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis [...] like fish, hence the common name stinking bunt. Life cycle and appearance of Wheat bunt Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis survive as teliospores in [...] distinguished. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle with a basidiospore of the other mating type so that H-shaped structures are formed. These can germinate