• Cotton aphid

  (up to 1.8 mm long) are usually dark green to black, while aphids produced in overcrowded colonies at a high temperature can be much smaller (from 0.9 [...] extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or [...] sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the

• Citrus mealybug

  and can be hard to spot. They are smaller than the females, have two pairs of wings and two long tail filaments. Their sole task is to fertilize the females [...] sexually mature. Soon after becoming an adult the females start to release a sex pheromone to attract males. Males generally fly only in the early morning [...] on the aerial parts of the plant, some species extract their nourishment from roots, whilst others are gall-formers. A few species can also transmit harmful

• Carrot

  colours, ranging from the regular orange to black and purple, but also red, yellow and white. The carrots which are produced nowadays derive from the wild carrot [...] carrot, Daucus carota , indigenous to Europe and southwestern Asia. The carrot plant presumably comes from Persia and was originally produced for its seeds

• American serpentine leaf miner

  hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are entirely ochre-yellow. When the larva hatches from the egg, it begins to eat [...] miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature [...] leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii) eats its way outwards from its egg, so that its mines join to form small plates. In various other crops one finds intermediate

• Ephedrus cerasicola

  adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction preventively soon after planting of the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 0.75-1.5 parasitic [...] d aphid to swell and harden into a leathery, black mummy. The mummy is more rounded compared to Aphelinus abdominalis , and when detached from the leaf [...] still present. If the aphid species present is known it might be better to switch to an appropriate single species product ( Aphilin , Aphipar , Aphipar-M

• Diglyphus isaea

  adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction as soon as the first mines are visible in the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 0.25-3 [...] internal tissues. As they develop, the larvae consume the leafminer from within, leading to its death. This feeding behavior is highly effective in reducing [...] efficacy can vary with the density of leafminer infestations, allowing it to adapt to changing pest pressures. Adult Diglyphus isaea does not feed on leafminers

• Greenhouse whitefly

  vaporariorum ) originally comes from tropical and subtropical America, probably Brazil or Mexico. Hundreds of plant species from different families serve as [...] large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result of sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can [...] development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty

• Enhancing the efficiency of biocontrol applications with Natutec Airobreez

  biocontrol products." Thanks to its innovative double duct system, the Airobreez disperses natural enemies both from zero to one meter and within a four-meter [...] “The Airobreez has transformed our approach to biological crop protection ," says Tim from Labeau in the Netherlands. "Our greenhouse layout and equipment [...] for biological crop protection . "The device is lightweight, easy to handle, and quick to refill, making biocontrol applications both fast and effective,"

• Pea leaf miner

  oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza huidobrensis are transparent dirty white. When the larva hatches from the egg, it [...] ly damaging to leaf vegetables and causes problems especially in lettuce grown on open ground. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both [...] leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such

• Pollination

  the transfer of pollen from the anthers of the flower to the stigma of the flower. If the pollen is transferred from anther to stigma on the same flower [...] self-pollination. Cross pollination, is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same plant or on another [...] driving profits for growers. Bumblebees work diligently seven days a week, from dawn to dusk, even in unfavorable weather conditions and protected environments