• Oleander scale

  can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause wilting and may reduce [...] deformity of fruits affects market value. In olives this is seen as green spots on purple fruits. Damage to foliage is particularly important in ornamentals [...] quickly attach themselves to the plant and form a scale. Colonies mainly form on the underside of leaves. After 1 to 2 months, the female reaches adulthood

• Rose aphid

  Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew on which black sooty moulds develop. Life cycle and appearance of Rose aphid [...] siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter some adults may continue [...] continue to reproduce parthenogenetically. Large colonies of aphids can build up on roses in spring and summer; sometimes shoots are completely covered by aphids

• Orius laevigatus

  predator feeding on thrips . The prey is pierced with the mouthparts and the body contents are consumed. All stages of thrips are preyed on. Orius laevigatus [...] of Orius laevigatus are voracious predators, adept at piercing and feeding on the soft bodies of their prey. The predatory bug Orius laevigatus is used [...] available in a bottle ( Thripor-L ) Shake bottle gently before use Spread material on clean rock wool slabs, leaves and/or in application boxes (Dibox) Apply in

• Obscure mealybug

  sometimes encountered on tomato, primarily at the foot of the stalk. In an overhead wire system of cultivation, the mealybugs are often located on the horizontal [...] seeking females to fertilize. The female second instar nymphs, on the other hand, settle on the leaf and begin to secrete wax, moulting to a third instar [...] control biologically. Damage symptoms Although most species of mealybug feed on the aerial parts of the plant, some species extract their nourishment from

• Bean seed fly

  larvae burrow into the soil and feed on the seeds and roots of young plants. Larvae mainly attack seedlings by feeding on emerged roots and cotyledons. Plants [...] Damage to seeds: Darkened or damaged seeds, as bean seed fly larvae feed on seeds and can cause significant damage. Presence of larvae: Small, white maggots [...] typically has a shiny black or dark brown body with clear wings. The larvae, on the other hand, are small white maggots that can be found near the base of

• Tomato moth

  pest in greenhouses but can also inflict damage on outdoor crops. It is a polyphagous species feeding on plants of 14 families including crop species such [...] to break. Young plants may be stripped completely, and the frass deposited on fruit can reduce their marketability. In fruiting vegetables, large holes [...] females of the tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea) deposit their spherical eggs on the underside of leaves in groups of 50 to 300, often arranged in layers.

• Woolly apple aphid

  sticky “wool” can be seen, mainly on spurs and branches. Many generations occur during the summer months, also on new growth. Water shoots arising from [...] quince and a few other woody Rosaceae. Damage symptoms Galls are often produced on infested wood. These galls may seriously disfigure young trees and nursery [...] cycle and survival from year to year of the woolly aphid depends entirely on wingless, parthenogenetic and viviparous forms. Sometimes a few wingless

• Crane flies

  The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal [...] also be visible. Secondary damage may come from birds and rodents feeding on larvae and digging up turf. Life cycle and appearance of Crane flies Adult [...] clearly visible veins. Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited on the soil surface. Larvae are cylindrical, tapering toward the head, and grey-brown

• Oak processionary moth

  allergenic for months. From the 5th instar on, the larvae start building silken nests at the base of lower branches, on the trunks or at the base of the trunks [...] also in parts of the Middle East. Damage symptoms The nests of caterpillars on infested trees are clearly visible. The larvae of the oak processionary moth [...] the larvae are disturbed. After moulting, the previous stage's hairs remain on the exuvia, but can become airborne and are still allergenic. In dry weather

• Cabbage moth

  symptoms Large caterpillars feed mainly on the youngest leaves, producing skeletonized leaves, holes and frass on leaves. The caterpillars destroy large [...] highly polyphagous defoliator. Besides being a major cabbage pest, it feeds on 70 plants of 22 families, among them crops such as sweet pepper, tomato, [...] emerging from their pupae the female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of leaves or elsewhere within the greenhouse structure. The