• Oleander scale

  greyish, dirty white or yellowy colour, round in shape, with a scale whose apex is off-centred. This scale resembles a miniature fried egg with a diameter [...] fruits affects market value. In olives this is seen as green spots on purple fruits. Damage to foliage is particularly important in ornamentals . Heavy infestation [...] General Aspidiotus nerii , the oleander scale or white scale belongs to the Coccoidea and has an almost worldwide distribution. Host plants include olive

• Cactus mealybug

  their name from the fact that the body of the females from the third nymphal instar onwards are covered with a white waxy material in the form of powder [...] described in England but its origin is not clear. It is now found on many greenhouse-grown succulents around the world as it was probably distributed by [...] flowers. Depending on the host plant species, infestations with cactus mealybug cause discoloration of the plants and later necrosis of the tissue. Plant deformations

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• Whitefly

  the longer the hairs on the leaf, the longer the hairs on the insect. In other words, the larva adapts itself to the structure of the leaf on which it lives [...] development. In the second and third larval stages, both the legs and the antennae are reduced to one or two segments and are no longer visible. In the fourth [...] very hairy leaves, the larva can sometimes become deformed if the growth is obstructed by the stiff hairs. As soon as the red eyes of the adult whitefly are

• Silver-Y moth

  feature is the irregular white mark. The hindwings are brown with a broad, dark band along the margin. The body is light brown and hairy, the antennae [...] a greyish white, suffused with a blue-grey in the middle and they have irregular surface ridging. The caterpillars have a small head that is grey-green [...] sometimes with a black lateral line. The body has stiff hairs and is usually greenish with a light lateral line. Below the lateral line there is a dark dot

• Chrysoperla carnea

  high. The development of the pupa is visible externally. The outer cocoon is 8 mm long and 4 mm thick. The inner more closely spun cocoon is off-white and [...] plant or the rim of the pot, during daylight hours. The larvae grasp their prey from below and lift them in their jaws. The prey is injected with a salivary [...] effective predators. The green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea is used for the control of the following pests: Aphids Thrips Mealybugs Caterpillars The natural enemy

• Obscure mealybug

  their name from the fact that the body of the females from the third nymphal instar onwards are covered with a white waxy material in the form of powder [...] wax, the filaments around the body are longer (20-50% of the body size) and the two tail filaments are always markedly longer than the others. The obscure [...] photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production. In ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs is sufficient to render the product

• Cabbage moth

  black forewings, with a kidney-shaped white-rimmed marking in the middle. The hindwings are light brown with a rather inconspicuous spot in the middle. Head [...] grey-brown with white spots, and the abdomen is a pale, greyish brown. The moth flies only at dawn and dusk, hiding in the crop during the day. Several [...] to black. In younger instars, the relatively large head capsule is conspicuous. In older instars, the lighter colour of the bands between the body segments

• Apple rosy aphid

  General The rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea , is a serious apple pest. It is widespread in Europe and also occurs in Africa, North and South America [...] great variety in colour. They moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Adult [...] of the rosy apple aphid are 2.1-2.6 mm long and pink to dark bluish grey, with a powdering of white wax. The siphunculi are black and tapered, the cauda

• Onion fly

  fly on the young leaves, necks of onion seedlings or in the soil close to the base of onion plants. The onion fly larvae that emerge from the eggs tunnel [...] starts with the right approach. Growers must carefully monitor the development of the onion fly. This way he knows when the first flight of the onion fly [...] death of the onion plant. The roots and leaves are harmed when the onion fly larvae tunnel into the onion bulbs. This damage may decrease the quality of