Encarsia formosa

Aphelinidae , widely recognized for its role in biological control, particularly in the management of whitefly populations in various agricultural and horticultural [...] transparent to brown in colour. The pupa of E. formosa is unique among the species of Encarsia , in that it is formed immediately beneath and in contact with the [...] whereas in other Encarsia species it can be seen clearly that the pupa develops freely within the host pupa. When the parasitic wasp is fully grown, it eats

Lettuce

to the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is a hardy annual that is easy to cultivate and most often grown for its leaves. It is, however, often plagued on by

Angular leaf spot

overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary source of infection in the spring. The bacteria are also introduced in a crop in new transplants [...] resistant to desiccation and can survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not independantly in the soil. Under humid conditions, bacteria ooze [...] the day and cold nights, in combination with high humidity or presence of water. These conditions occur mostly in the spring if it rains or when sprinkler

Yellow rose aphid

their presence in the crop. The yellow rose aphid is holocyclic in North America (i.e. they mate in autumn and produce eggs to overwinter). It is also holocyclic [...] generally found only on cultivated roses and strawberries, in glasshouses in northern Europe or outdoors in warmer climates. Wingless yellow rose aphids have a [...] American origin but is now widely distributed in Europe, North Africa, parts of Asia and South America. It attacks plants of the family Rosaceae and is

Foot rot of cereals

thrives in cool, moist conditions, making it particularly problematic in temperate regions. Damage symptoms M. nivale is the primary pathogen in the group [...] also occur. Foot rot becomes obvious from late stem extension onwards. It results in dark-brown staining of the lower nodes. Long dark streaks may also appear [...] the presence of the pathogen in affected cereal crops. How to prevent foot rot of cereals Avoid following maize with wheat in rotations Bury soil-surface

Black tea thrips

Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis , is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics; it also occurs in greenhouses of temperate areas, is highly polyphagous [...] thrips is parthenogenic, it reproduces without mating, and males are rare. The adults are poor fliers and tend to remain in the shaded areas on the plant [...] longer wing pads and larger eyes. It is yellowish and then darkens with age. The antennae are bent backward over the head in the pupal stage. The prepupal

Akanthomyces muscarius

spraying equipment. It is compatible in the tank mix with a wide range of other plant protection products, making it easy to integrate in your current spraying [...] species of beneficial fungi commonly used in biological pest control . This fungus is known for its effectiveness in controlling various insect pests, including [...] immune system and disrupt its normal physiological functions. Lecanicillium muscarium is frequently applied as a microbial pesticide in agriculture and horticulture

Garden chafer

horticola ) is a beetle from the Scarabaeidae family. It does most of its damage in the larval stage when it feeds on roots of grasses and clover. The adults [...] The garden chafer ( Phyllopertha horticola ) does most of its damage in the larval stage when it feeds on the roots. First instar larvae mainly feed on small [...] The neck shield is metallic green to shiny black. In Central Europe, they emerge from the soil in May or June. Low swarming flights just above the soil

Tutasan

Presentation One trap. Preparation Place the pheromone dispenser in the green canister and attach it to the upper central part of the trap Fill the trap with water [...] the Tutasan trap for monitoring and trapping male tomato leaf miner moths in combination with Pherodis Tuta absoluta . Pests Tomato leaf miner moth ( Tuta [...] absoluta ). Crops Tomato. Mode of action The Tutasan trap needs to be used in combination with Pherodis pheromone dispensers. The dispensers release a

Tobacco whitefly

insect was first identified on tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name tabaci . It has subsequently been found in most tropical and subtropical countries [...] throughout the world. It causes damage in (sub-)tropical areas especially. The tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) is feared because of its high level of resistance [...] retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The