May beetle

remain in the soil until the temperature is high enough to emerge. Finally, when the rains arrive, the adults are encouraged to emerge in order to copulate [...] measuring approximately 5 to 7 cm in length. To differentiate between species, an examination of the position of the setae in their final abdominal segment [...] deposition of eggs in the ground, close to plant roots. The larvae eat throughout the summer and migrate deep into the soil in autumn. In cold climates they

Circular scale

the citrus industry. In more northern countries of its range, it occurs in greenhouses. In addition to citrus, it occurs on many other plants. Damage symptoms [...] tropical species, native to the Oriental region but it has been dispersed widely in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, mostly in association with the [...] humid environments. In citrus, it tends to prefer the lower and central parts of mature trees. Circular scale prefers the leaves, but in high infestations

Thrips

cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 mm), with the largest species found in the tropics. In temperate regions [...] female deposits an egg, she makes an opening in the plant tissue. The eggs are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. On the leaves [...] hairs. How to prevent thrips Preventing a thrips infestation in your greenhouse crop involves several strategies. Firstly, it's important to maintain good

Two-spotted spider mite

spots, giving rise to the common name, “two-spotted spider mite”. The spots can vary in both form and size. The red eyes can be seen in all stages. Recognize [...] infestations can cause the leaves to dry up and fall off the plant. How to prevent spider mite Preventing spider mites in your crop involves several strategies [...] the most important species in greenhouses and many outdoor crops. Spider mite damage Larvae, nymphs and adults cause damage to the host plant by feeding

Horse-chestnut leaf miner

larvae mine in horse chestnut leaves go to four (occasionally five instars) and their size varies form 0.5 mm in the firsts instar up to 3.5 mm in the fourth [...] horse-chestnut leaf miner overwinters in the pupal stage in a cocoon in dead leaves. The emergence of adults in spring occurs in April and May, depending on climatic [...] European horse-chestnut in Greece, Albania and Macedonia. It was first observed attacking ornamental horse-chestnut trees in Macedonia in the 1970s, from where

Southern European marshland pyralid

cinerea . In gerbera, the flower buds may also be eaten. It has even been known for the caterpillars to inflict damage to the roots of crops cultivated in an [...] at night, but can sometimes be seen in the daytime. Eggs are laid singly or in groups of 5 to 10 eggs, overlapping in a tile-like fashion on both the upper [...] prolegs. Caterpillars are found in webs, preferably in damp, humid places and are thus mainly found low in the crop, often in decaying organic material on

Aphids

belonging to the order Hemiptera . The aphids discussed here all belong to the family Aphididae, a family containing many species that cause damage in cultivated [...] moults, betraying their presence in the crop. There are two types of aphid species: those that change to other host plants in the winter, and those species [...] the plant's ability to photosynthesize and grow. Wilting or death of plant: In severe cases, aphid infestations can cause plants to wilt and die. This can

Sciarid flies

are laid on the ground surface close to plant roots. The larvae can grow to 5 to 12 mm in length and 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter. They are legless and have [...] species that cause most damage to crops belong to the genera Bradysia and Lycoriella . Lycoriella species are mainly found in commercial mushroom cultivation [...] usually found in damp, humid environments, and appear very commonly in greenhouses throughout the world. Although they generally do little harm to healthy plants

Large blackberry aphid

aphids usually appear in June and July and migrate to new canes or host plants where they produce wingless aphids again. In October to December winged aphids [...] great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous females continuing to produce new g [...] very similar to the large raspberry aphid Amphorophora idaei . As both aphid species are host specific the host plant is the simplest method to distinguish

Chafers

reddish-brown in colour. The adult beetles fly in the evening, generally in June and July and land on trees to mate. During the night the females move to the ground [...] feeding on the roots can lead to yellowing and wilting of plants. Damage can be severe on young plants and especially in grassland and turf. There, secondary [...] ground to lay their eggs. Eggs are shiny and white. The eggs hatch after about four weeks and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae are white-coloured