• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding from the stomata. Life cycle and appearance [...] the optimum temperature is around 15 o C and the closer the temperature is to this, the shorter the leaf wetness period that is required. Inside the plant [...] non-host crops Prevent a humid microclimate. Achieve this by lowering crop density, good aeration during propagation and maintaining a warm and dry climate in

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  survives in the soil and is a strong saprophytic competitor, which means it can rapidly colonize ‘clean’ or sterilized soil and substrate. It aggregates [...] attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle the root. The roots become yellow-brown to black and ultimately die. Black lesions [...] General Phomopsis sclerotioides is a plant pathogen infecting cucurbits, causing black root rot of cucurbits. Damage symptoms Phomopsis sclerotioides causes

• Glume blotch

  Parastagonospora nodorum (Phaeosphaeria nodorum) is a fungal pathogen of wheat , barley and ryethat induces yield and quality losses. Damage symptoms Phaeosphaeria [...] the lower leaves are infected and frequent rain is expected Be aware that in a crop with dense foliage, splash dispersal is more efficient so the disease [...] pycnidia and perithecia occur. Perithecia are also formed on dead glumes and stems. In case of severe infection , the heads of wheat become black and the kernels

• Angular leaf spot

  of the crown can be infected, creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection. Life cycle and appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas [...] happens both passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination [...] General Xanthomonas fragariae is a leaf spot disease found in strawberry. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas fragariae initially causes small, water-soaked lesions

• Foot rot of cereals

  infection can produce a true foot rot, where the stem base becomes brown and rotten, resulting in lodging and whiteheads. This symptom is less common but can [...] Monographella nivalis ), is a significant concern for cereal crop growers worldwide. This disease primarily affects the roots and lower stem of cereal plants [...] seedling death and poor establishment. Surviving seedlings may develop a brown lesion around soil level. This can develop into foot and root rot. Symptomless

• Dwarf bunt

  General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as well [...] (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at harvest and release black, powdery spores [...] reach a fraction of their normal height. Spikes are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with Tilletia tritici and Tilletia

• Grey mould

  cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and cold-resistant [...] infected after abortion and then provide a large amount of inoculum Extra Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the [...] Botrytis cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus

• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  (peaches and plums): In peach, the canopy of infected plants is compact and umbrella-like due to the shorter internodes. The foliage is denser and the leaves [...] the margin and is marked by a chlorotic band. In the beginning, only a few leaves per branch are showing symptoms, but later the growth stops and the plants [...] fastidiosa is a gram-negative bacterium which is limited to xylem tissue. It has many hosts, many of which show minor or no symptoms. More and more plant

• Aphidius matricariae

  wasp Aphidius matricariae Aphidius matricariae is a parasitic wasp belonging to the family Braconidae and is widely recognized for its role in biological [...] aphids . This small wasp is a valuable natural enemy in both agricultural and horticultural settings. Aphidius matricariae is used for the control of the [...] matricariae is available in a bottle ( Aphipar-M ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  discolouration is round, hence the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary [...] clothing and gloves, disinfect tools and greenhouse structures Use a crop rotation in field crops of at least two years and alternate with a non-host crop [...] on stems, leaves and fruits. Leaves and shoots wilt. On the lower leaves, blister-like white lesions occur, which later turn brown and may merge. The leaves