• Cottony soft rot

  also known as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft [...] soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) infection are water-soaked lesions at the stem base. The plant above it wilts and rots. White, fluffy fungal mycelium [...] mycelium grows on the lesions, giving this disease its name cottony soft rot. In the mycelium, big, dark sclerotia are formed. They can easily be seen with

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  soil bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes. Additionally, pathogenic Agrobacterium s pecies have recently [...] recently been assigned to the genus Rhizobium . These pathogenic bacteria were formerly known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium radiobacter, Agr [...] rhizogenes and Agrobacterium rubi, n ow the first part of the name is changed to Rhizobium. Rhizobium rhizogenes or Rhizobium radiobacter causes crazy

• Glume blotch

  ia nodorum) is a fungal pathogen of wheat , barley and ryethat induces yield and quality losses. Damage symptoms Phaeosphaeria nodorum or Septoria nodorum [...] blotch, which presents itself as brown, elongated lesions with a light halo on leaves, stems and glumes. In the centre of the lesions, light-coloured t [...] necrotic. On glumes, similar brown lesions with pycnidia and perithecia occur. Perithecia are also formed on dead glumes and stems. In case of severe infection

• Grey mould

  General Grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs [...] crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and cold-resistant structures) in the soil. Damage symptoms As the name suggests, grey mould’s ( Botryotinia fuckeliana [...] fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) most common symptoms are grey-brown lesions. The lesions occur on leaves, stems, fruits and flowers. On flowers, usually

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  General Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a plant pathogen causing downy mildew on cucurbit crops like cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash [...] They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth [...] growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding from the stomata. Life cycle

• Apple scab

  What is apple scab? Apple scab is one of the most economically important fungal diseases of apple worldwide. Caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis [...] , the disease infects leaves, blossoms, young shoots, and fruit, reducing fruit quality, marketable yield, and storage potential. Without management, economic [...] economic losses can exceed 70% of production value. Infections are favored by cool, wet conditions during spring and early summer, when spores dispersal

• Damping-off

  General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs at higher temperatures [...] temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms

• Phytophthora blight

  infestans f.sp. infestans) is also known as Phytophthora blight, tomato blight, early / late blight tomato, potato blight and late / early blight of potato [...] damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and fruits. Late blight or Phytophthora blight (Phytophtora infestans f.sp. infestans ) causes water-soaked [...] growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato

• Powdery mildew

  General Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that is caused by many different species of fungi such as Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Oïdium, Leveillula. Damage [...] fairly similar in all plant-pathogen combinations. The symptoms are white fluffy colonies, first and foremost on the upper side of the leaf. In severe epidemics [...] epidemics in cereals, the ears may also be infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects

• Loose smut of wheat

  General Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of wheat. Damage symptoms [...] symptoms Infection by Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici remains invisible until head emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead [...] Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat The seeds are infected during