• Apple scab

  January 1, 1970

  petioles and fruits and sometimes on twigs and bud scales. The lesions are olive-green. When spores are produced, the lesions become grey and fluffy. The [...] unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter and form ascospores. Depending [...] are released and repeat the cycle of infection of new plant parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new pseudothecia in leaves that have

• Neoseiulus californicus

  January 1, 1970

  Phytoseiidae family: egg, larva, proto- and deutonymph, and adult males and females. Adult mites are lighter and have a flatter more elongated body than [...] at temperatures between 13 and 32°C (55 and 90°F) and is sensitive to relative humidity below 60%. Neoseiulus californicus in bottles The predatory mite [...] predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the crop over a period of several weeks. Hang sachets in sheltered locations in the crop, avoid hanging

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  January 1, 1970

  away. Infection in the early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may [...] are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle the root. The [...] sclerotioides survives in the soil and is a strong saprophytic competitor, which means it can rapidly colonize ‘clean’ or sterilized soil and substrate. It aggregates

• Verticillium wilt

  January 1, 1970

  system usually stays mostly intact. In rose, branches die off from the top and purple brown stripes occur on the stem. In tomato, sometimes V-shaped lesions [...] periods (many years) in the soil as microsclerotia, small hard survival structures that can withstand high and low temperatures and dehydration. Verticillium [...] fungus and the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt. Spores may be wind-dispersed to new hosts. In the senescent

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  January 1, 1970

  that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem seems wet and slimy. Above or below the hollow [...] the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later [...] survive as epiphytic bacteria on various plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying

• Predatory mites

  January 1, 1970

  are beneficial arthropods used in pest control to manage and reduce populations of harmful pests in various agricultural and horticultural settings. These [...] specialised in producing a wide range of natural enemies and have several patents to our name. Our stability in breeding, quality, reliability, and secure delivery [...] deutonymphal and adult stages the mites feed almost continuously. Protonymphs and deutonymphs are similar to the adults in appearance, but smaller in size. Predatory

• Neoseiulus cucumeris

  January 1, 1970

  deutonymph and adult. Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves on leaf hairs or in the axils of main and side veins. They are oval, white and have a diameter [...] predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the crop over a period of several weeks. Hang sachets in sheltered locations in the crop, avoid hanging [...] instance in sweet pepper crops as the predatory mite can establish itself in the crop before the pest appears. The success of predatory mites in controlling

• Dwarf bunt

  January 1, 1970

  are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis Life cycle and appearance of Dwarf bunt [...] smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as well as dwarf bunt. Damage symptoms Tilletia controversa causes (bunted) heads that are slender and remain [...] healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten

• Leaf stripe

  January 1, 1970

  may be stunted and heads may be distorted and failing to emerge from the sheath. Ear length and the number of kernels may be reduced and kernels may be [...] occur on the first, second and third leaf and subsequently on other leaves. Yellow stripes are formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. They gradually [...] gradually extend and become brown and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  January 1, 1970

  root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, fusarium head blight in cereals, such as wheat (fusarium head blight wheat) and post-harvest decay [...] chlamydospores and ascospores in crop residues. Primary infection is from this inoculum or from infected seed. Infected seed doesn’t germinate well and seedlings [...] between 4 and 35 °C, with an optimum between 25 and 28 °C. Germination only occurs at relative humidity (RH) above 80%. Warm (25-30 °C) and humid (RH above