• Tomato moth

  The yellow stripe is bordered at the top by a narrow gray stripe. Older larvae may vary from light green to light brown, or even a reddish colour with [...] underside of leaves in groups of 50 to 300, often arranged in layers. The eggs are greenish at first, but gradually change to a light yellow or almost white [...] instars, later becoming white to grey-brown with mottled markings. The pattern of markings on the larvae varies according to the host plant and developmental

• Foot rot of cereals

  release of spores from infected plant debris or soil. These spores, known as conidia, are spread by wind, water, or human activity to susceptible plant [...] Microdochium nivale manifests as white to pinkish fungal growth on infected plant tissues, often accompanied by dark lesions and rotting of roots and stems [...] affected cereal crops. How to prevent foot rot of cereals Avoid following maize with wheat in rotations Bury soil-surface residue from previous crops, since

• Wheat bunt

  of wheat. Damage symptoms Plantsinfected by Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis are hard to distinguish from infected plants before head emergence, although [...] teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels [...] correlated to temperature and precipitation in the first 11 days after sowing, with maximum disease incidence at an average temperature of around 6 to 7 °C during

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  lesions can be enclosed by pseudostromata: dark coloured tissue that looks like black stripes. The disease is usually restricted to a few of the roots but [...] exudations of spores. In the early stages of wilting it is hard to distinguish from other wilt diseases. The fungus can also cause black fruit rot. Life [...] is known about the life cycle. The fungus is dispersed by water, air and soil particles. How to prevent Black root rot of cucurbits Test for the presence

• Spider mites and other mites

  as little as one to two weeks. This rapid development contributes to their ability to multiply rapidly and cause significant damage to plants if left u [...] critical. This can be done by scouting the plants visually. You can also take steps to prevent plant mites from entering your greenhouse by using hygienic measures [...] millimeter in size, and range in color from pale yellow to green, brown, or red. They have eight legs and are closely related to spiders, but they lack the distinct

• Grey mould

  and not by hand, to avoid rugged, irregular wound surfaces In cucumber: remove dead leaves on the stem once, especially in the autumn, because from these [...] cinerea ) affects the fruit. In potted plants, the cuttings die due to carry-over infection from infected parent plants. Life cycle and appearance of Grey mould [...] or damaged plants. How to prevent Grey mould Make sure the crop grows regularly with not too much vegetative growth, in order to maintain a microclimate

• Pine processionary moth

  serious in young reforested areas where it may lead to death of trees, directly or as a consequence of attack by bark beetles or other wood-boring insects. In [...] dark spot in the anal region. The cylindrical egg masses range in length from 4 to 5 cm. They are covered with the scales of the female anal tuft, which mimics [...] In general, the integument is darker in colder areas and varies from dull bluish-grey to black. Pupation takes place in the soil in an oval, ochreous-white

• Vine mealybug

  taste can also be affected. An infection by Planococcus ficus can make the plants more susceptible to injury caused by other pests and fungal diseases. Life [...] General The vine mealybug Planococcus ficus belongs to the family Pseudococcidae, and is also known by the names Mediterranean vine mealybug and Grapevine [...] females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves, sometimes followed by defoliation. The overall

• Leaf stripe

  Infected plants may be stunted and heads may be distorted and failing to emerge from the sheath. Ear length and the number of kernels may be reduced and [...] fungus spreads from the seed into the seedling. Conidia are produced on the infected leaves when humidity is high and wind-dispersed to neighbouring ears [...] soil temperatures above 15 °C. How to prevent Leaf stripe Produce seed in semi-arid environments without irrigation, to decrease the chances of infection

• Black tea thrips

  fliers and tend to remain in the shaded areas on the plant. The eggs are white and banana-shaped and are inserted singly in plant tissue by the females. The [...] greenhouses of temperate areas, is highly polyphagous, and has been recorded from more than 100 plant species. Seriously damaged crops include tea, citrus [...] surface first and, as feeding progresses and the population increases, moves to the upper surface. The leaves become discoloured and become distorted between