Municipality Enschede: Entonem nematodes against oak processionary caterpillar

The Municipality of Enschede started using nematodes for the first time in the spring of 2021 to try to halt the spread of the oak processionary caterpillar [...] total of 22,000 oak trees. In the past, the municipality only extracted the nests. But as Petra Klein Breukink explains, it was not enough. She is the project [...] project manager of the oak processionary caterpillar for the Municipality of Enschede. ‘We use Koppert’s nematode product Entonem in locations where we

Chafers

General The chafers are beetles of the Scarabaeidae family. The larvae of both species live in the soil and feed on the roots of many plants. They are a serious [...] yellowing and wilting of plants. Damage can be severe on young plants and especially in grassland and turf. There, secondary damage is often caused by birds [...] about 13-15 mm long and reddish-brown in colour. The adult beetles fly in the evening, generally in June and July and land on trees to mate. During the

Strawberry aphid

generations of females. The strawberry aphids overwinter as parthenogenetic forms. There is no sexual stage and no eggs are laid. Adult wingless females of Chaetosiphon [...] Damage symptoms Chaetosiphon fragaefolii is one of the most serious pests affecting strawberry plants. Direct damage is caused by the aphids sucking sap from [...] honeydew. The strawberry aphid is an important vector of several plant viruses affecting strawberries. Life cycle and appearance of Strawberry aphid Aphids moult

Leaf stripe

graminea is monocyclic, which means there is only one disease cycle during the cropping season. The fungus is seed-borne and this systemic infection is the [...] stripe Produce seed in semi-arid environments without irrigation, to decrease the chances of infection Use clean seed Avoid the use of untreated farm-saved [...] General Pyrenophora graminea is a disease of Barley that causes significant yield losses. Damage symptoms Symptoms first occur on the first, second and

Shallot aphid

overwintering and there is no sexual stage in the life cycle. No eggs are produced. Myzus ascalonicus is cold hardy and overwinters in sheltered places [...] and many ornamentals . The shallot aphid is cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Feeding of shallot aphid on strawberries invokes a [...] the aphids often occur at the end of the storage period causing malformation of new plants. Life cycle and appearance of The shallot aphid Aphids have a

Bedding plants

perennial plants used in gardens and parks. There is a wide range of plants especially produced to demonstrate coloured flowers in spring and summer. They [...] They are easily divided in four different categories: Hardy annual plants which are planted directly into the soil already early in the season: sunflower [...] eschscholzia Tender annual or perennial plants are planted in a protected environment in late winter: begonia, chrysanthemum, arguranthemum, lobelia,

Fusarium wilt

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] oxysporum life cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as [...] clean substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent stress for the plants Ensure there is adequate soil

Aphids

reproduction is asexual, the progeny of a single female is genetically identical to the mother. In other words, they are clones. Because there is no genetic [...] aphids have two pairs of wings, one of which is much larger than the other. For a large part of the season an aphid population consists of viviparous females [...] during each of these moults, betraying their presence in the crop. There are two types of aphid species: those that change to other host plants in the winter

European red mite

therefore there can be many generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the [...] Panonychus ulmi , is mainly a pest of fruit trees (apple, pear, plum and cherry). However, it can attack a large scale of other woody plants and is occasionally [...] ornamentals of the family Rosaceae grown in greenhouses. It originates from Europe (as can be seen from the common name, European red mite) but is now distributed

Mottled arum aphid

continuously producing new generations of females. There is no sexual stage in the life cycle. Wingless females of the mottled arum aphid are shiny whitish [...] a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide host range. In temperate climates it is primarily a pest in greenhouses where it attacks many ornamentals , including [...] they produce large amounts of honeydew, which provides an excellent substrate for the growth of black sooty mould. Large areas of mould covering the leaves