Enhancing the efficiency of biocontrol applications with Natutec Airobreez

Phalaenopsis orchids as its flagship product. As one of the first adopters of the Airobreez, the company has benefited from this advanced application device [...] across the greenhouse is exceptional, ensuring optimal distribution of the biocontrol products." Thanks to its innovative double duct system, the Airobreez [...] “The Airobreez has transformed our approach to biological crop protection ," says Tim from Labeau in the Netherlands. "Our greenhouse layout and equipment

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens [...] For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around 15 o C and the closer the temperature is to this, the shorter the leaf wetness period that is [...] Inside the plant, the pathogens produce haustoria, small organs with which the pathogen can take up nutrients from the living plant cells. The pathogens

Bacterial canker of tomato

potato, the disease usually only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves and subsequent expansion of the [...] then growing into the vessels of the plant. Plant growth is inhibited and the plant wilts because the xylem vessels become blocked. The bacterium can survive [...] upwards. Cutting the stem at the foot shows whitish ooze with bacteria in the case of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease is difficult

Loose smut of wheat

wheat The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed [...] seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the plant into the growing tip and the seed primordia. It only becomes [...] appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat

Loose smut of barley

source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the [...] until head emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut [...] loose smut of barley. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source

Pierce's disease of grapevine

along the margin or the tip from early to midsummer. The necrotic area spreads over the leaf from the margin and is marked by a chlorotic band. In the beginning [...] extends to the rest. Eventually, the whole root system is killed and the trees die. Life cycle and appearance of Pierce's disease of grapevine The bacteria [...] plums): In peach, the canopy of infected plants is compact and umbrella-like due to the shorter internodes. The foliage is denser and the leaves are a darker

Black root rot of cucurbits

are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle the root. The roots become yellow-brown [...] black stripes. The disease is usually restricted to a few of the roots but in severe cases all roots may be infected. At the final stage of the disease, only [...] infection in this stage may kill the plants. In case of a less severe infection, the vines may wilt at a late stage of the crop, but when water supply is

Root and crown rot of strawberry

clavispora in the case of root and crown rot (of strawberry), first found in The Netherlands, and Pestalotiopsis longisetula in the case of leaf spots, such [...] appearance of Root and crown rot of strawberry Not much is known about the life cycle. The fungus produces ascospores and conidia, but their role in the epidemic [...] such as leaf spot of strawberry and fruit rot reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is quite complex, so the taxonomy may change. Pestalotiopsis clavispora

Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

epinephrine into the thigh in the case of a sting. Tests and treatments are available at the Allergology department of the RdGG (Dr de Groot) at the Diakonessehuis [...] aggressive. First of all, it is important to be calm when working with bumblebees. Do not wave your arms at the bumblebees, bump the hive, touch or hold the bumblebees [...] swelling, itchiness and redness at the site of the sting, lasting for only a couple of hours. This can occur directly after the sting, but more generally it

Greenhouse whitefly

are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) are mobile, whereas the rest of the larvae stadia remain [...] found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies can usually be found in the top of the plant and [...] General The greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) is one of the major pests of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses throughout the world