Verticillium wilt

Life cycle and appearance of Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae survives for prolonged time periods (many years) in the soil as microsclerotia, small hard [...] fungus infects the roots of plants, directly or through wounds caused by for example nematodes. The fungus then grows into the vessels of the plant and [...] Verticillium can also be seed-borne and tuber-borne. The optimum temperature for Verticillium albo-atrum is 21 °C and growth stops above 30 °C, whereas Ve

Root and crown rot of strawberry

much or too little water), or that are damaged by for example handling or pests. Optimum temperature for Pestalotiopsis clavispora is 19-23 °C and high humidity [...] trays, tools, gutters etc. between subsequent crops Disinfect water used for irrigation Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop

Foot rot of cereals

nivale (formerly known as Monographella nivalis ), is a significant concern for cereal crop growers worldwide. This disease primarily affects the roots and [...] of Foot rot of cereals Microdochium nivale , a fungal pathogen responsible for causing foot rot in cereals, has a lifecycle showing complex interactions [...] of roots and stems. These visible signs serve as key diagnostic features for identifying the presence of the pathogen in affected cereal crops. How to

Powdery mildew

contact with water for no more than a few hours. Powdery mildew spores, either ascospores or conidia, don’t need nutrients or water for germination. In general [...] perithecia, structures containing ascospores. Ascospores have not been found yet for all powdery mildew fungi and especially in greenhouse crops they don’t play [...] Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves To reduce chances of powdery mildew in greenhouses

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around [...] the pathogens extruding from the stomata. Solution Finder Find solutions for your crop Damage symptoms How to prevent Downey mildew Choose resistant cultivars

Leaf stripe

temperature during seedling emergence is critical for infection. Soil temperatures below 12 °C are most conducive for this disease and infection does not occur [...] The leaf splits at the end which makes it look shredded. This is typical for this disease. Infected plants may be stunted and heads may be distorted and

Apple scab

s this increases to 12-28 hours of leaf wetness for successful infection. Conidia also need water for germination. Damage symptoms Venturia inaequalis [...] lesions which may not be noticed before harvest. Solution Finder Find solutions for your crop Damage symptoms How to prevent Apple scab Use resistant cultivars [...] population as well as macro-organisms like earth worms are not harmed by for example application of compounds against stem canker, since they help in

Fusarium spp.

banana, whole plantations may die, and the soil may not be suitable for planting for many years subsequently. F. graminearum/Gibberella zeae ( Fusarium [...] life cycle of different Fusarium species is similar. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil, and on crop residues of infected plants, as chlamydospores [...] takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip, or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off the tap root. F. oxysporum grows inside

Glume blotch

(RH). The optimum temperature for germination of the conidia is between 20 and 25 °C. The ascospores are responsible for wind dispersal of the fungus over [...] above freezing when water is available. Conidia require a minimum of 5 °C for germination. Primary infection is mostly by ascospores or conidia on the oldest

Gummy stem blight

the main source of dispersal of disease upwards in the crop and the conidia for spread of the disease downwards. How to prevent Gummy stem blight Before cropping: [...] pots and plant parts from previous crop that may serve as inoculum source for the new crop prevent condensation on all plant parts at all times Extra Silicon [...] Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves Pick flowers within two days after opening in