Shallot aphid

apart from the ends of the antennae and the tarsi. The siphunculi are short an swollen towards the apex. The shallot aphid does not alternate to another host [...] and shallot, the aphids often occur at the end of the storage period causing malformation of new plants. Life cycle and appearance of The shallot aphid [...] betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless females of the shallot aphid are 1.1-2.2 mm long and shiny brownish green to dirty yellow. Their legs and

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Integrated Pest Management

often referred to as IPM, is a sustainable and environmentally responsible approach to pest management. It employs a combination of strategies to prevent and [...] chemical tools to manage pests effectively. This approach is not just about eliminating pests; it's about achieving a balance in the ecosystem. The principles [...] adjustments. The IPM cycle is an ongoing process that incorporates the principles mentioned above. It's a dynamic approach that adapts to changing conditions

Pierce's disease of grapevine

substance, in the vessels. The bacteria, gum and tyloses block the vessels, causing the plants to wilt. Transport to different plant parts depends on the plant [...] along the margin or the tip from early to midsummer. The necrotic area spreads over the leaf from the margin and is marked by a chlorotic band. In the beginning [...] in the leaves to neighbouring peach trees with the bacteria mainly in the roots is much more successful than the other way around. In general, the low

Early blight

From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers (especially dangerous in crops for seed production) and to the crown [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] Early blight General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues

A dive into organic hop farming and biological crop protection

in 2020, making the exciting yet challenging shift to organic farming and biological crop protection . This transition required Lukas to question traditional [...] However, amidst the challenges, there have been significant successes. Lukas recognizes the need for resilience and innovation in the face of change, [...] focus on addressing issues like the red spider mite. The promising future of organic agriculture For Lukas Locher, the experiences gained from using beneficial

Wheat bunt

before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and eventually inside the kernels. When that [...] allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in [...] heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt

Root and crown rot of strawberry

strawberry have been ascribed to Pestalotiopsis clavispora in the case of root and crown rot (of strawberry), first found in The Netherlands, and Pestalotiopsis [...] longisetula in the case of leaf spots, such as leaf spot of strawberry and fruit rot reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is quite complex, so the taxonomy [...] strawberry Not much is known about the life cycle. The fungus produces ascospores and conidia, but their role in the epidemic has not yet been established

Anagyrus vladimiri

according to the instructions Hang the bottle in the crop, out of direct sunlight Deploy in or near the mealybug colonies Leave bottles in the crop for at [...] control of the mealybugs . Behaviour of the parasitic wasp Anagyrus vladimiri The female Anagyrus vladimiri lays its eggs inside the body of the mealybug [...] eventually leading to the death of the host. Anagyrus vladimiri also engages in host feeding, where the adult female wasp feeds on the body fluids of its

Dwarf bunt

sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive [...] of teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionally, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels