• Southern European marshland pyralid

  wide range of hosts from 38 plant families. They include ornamental crop plants, such as roses and gerbera, aquatic plants, vegetable crops such as celery [...] sometimes attacking the stem of the plant as well as the leaves. Late instar larvae burrow into soft woody or herbaceous plant stems causing withering or drying [...] Adults of the European pepper moth ( Duponchelia fovealis ) are light to dark brown with a clearly visible white crinkled line on the forewing. The end of the

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  of wounds Disinfest recirculating irrigation water Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience. [...] causes bacterial stem rot as well as soft rot. Stem rot is first noticed when plants wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates [...] fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later

• Aphidius colemani

  cuticle turns from a hard, leathery brown to a golden yellow casing, known as a mummy. Parasitized aphids turn into golden brown mummies after 7-12 days, depending [...] dark brown legs. A female has a more pointed abdomen that is as long as the wings, is equipped with an ovipositor, and is black, with light brown legs [...] to the particular situation. Start introduction preventively soon after planting of the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 0.25-4 per m 2 /release

• Sweet pepper

  sweet pepper plant bear fruit in different colours ranging from vanilla/white and yellow to orange, green and red and even dark purple and brown. The sweet

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  system Prevent contact between the plant roots and the gutters in greenhouses Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience. [...] which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the crown. Furthermore [...] the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and causes a genetic

• Fusarium wilt

  yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can [...] system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species are dispersed upwards on the outside of the plant. Most Fusarium species [...] wound healing after harvest, depending on the crop Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

• Angular leaf spot

  are dispersed by rain, irrigation water or handling of the plants. Infection of the plants happens both passively and actively. Infection and disease [...] sprinkler irrigation is used. Healthy, well growing plants are more susceptible than diseased or stressed plants. How to prevent Angular leaf spot Use clean [...] cultivars of pepper are available and should be used Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

• Macrolophus pygmaeus

  able to feed on plant sap, they lay far fewer eggs and the nymphs (if similarly deprived of living prey) will die. Consumption of plant sap, however, can [...] middle. The hind part is colourless with a vague brown marking. Macrolophus pygmaeus has large brown, hemispherical compound eyes that are clearly visible [...] it can contribute substantially to the control of these pests. Although plant sap is necessary for Macrolophus pygmaeus to develop well, it is insufficient

• Carnation tortrix

  polyphagous, observed on 160 cultivated and wild plant species – trees as well as herbaceous forms - of 42 plant families, and it is the major pests in carnation [...] contrasting colours between the yellow to purple forewings (with a dark brown band in the females and two red bands in the males) and the hindwings (bright [...] bright or yellow green colour, with a black head that later turns yellowish brown with dark spots. After emerging, they move or are carried by wind to the

• Impatiens thrips

  trade in foliage plants. Impatiens thrips (Echinothrips americanus) has a wide range of hosts. In addition to many ornamental plants it also attacks sweet [...] s americanus) completes its entire development from egg to adult on the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while [...] This species of thrips is relatively large. Both males and females are dark brown to black in colour with orange pigmentation between the segments, and the