Large blackberry aphid

cycle and appearance of Large blackberry aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] siphunculi. The cauda is short and triangular. The aphids overwinter as eggs on blackberry plants. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside [...] specific the host plant is the simplest method to distinguish these two species. The large blackberry aphid is widely distributed in Europe and also established

Oleander scale

on the leaves and stems may cause wilting and may reduce the photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy [...] palms, oleander and citrus. Damage symptoms Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations [...] important in ornamentals . Heavy infestation can lead to yellowing, leaf and shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance

Cotton aphid

including the cucumber mosaic virus. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s [...] if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars [...] extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black

Tomato moth

along the posterior edge of the forewing. As in most noctuid moths, the hindwing is greyish and lighter than the forewing, with a darker shadow at the margin [...] be formed in both green and ripening fruit. The second generation of larvae often causes greater loss of fruit than the first. Life cycle and appearance [...] margin. The antennae are long and thin. Head and thorax are reddish-brown while the abdomen is a lighter grey-brown. The females of the tomato moth (Lacanobia

Tomato leafminer

place in the soil or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil [...] ped mines in the leaves. Caterpillars prefer leaves and stems, but they may also occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself [...] Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer The female moth of the tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta ) lays about 260 eggs. The eggs of the tomato leaf

Bugs

five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and Pentatomidae are found as pests in agricultural crops. [...] their body when at rest. The wings overlap each other exposing the scutellum, a prominent triangular region of the thorax between the wing bases. This dis [...] leaves and growing points with their piercing-sucking mouthparts and extracting nutrients from them, resulting in deformations and puncture holes. The most

False spider mites

pattern. The eggs are a clear red colour and elliptical in shape. They are laid in a fold in the leaf or along the mid-vein, often in dense clusters of several [...] protonymph, deutonymph and adult. They move slowly and are mostly found along the veins on the underside of leaves. The mites are flattened and egg-shaped when [...] found on the underside of leaves where they cause a brown, scabby discolouration spreading from both sides of the main vein into the leaf blade. The damage

Mottled arum aphid

colonies of mottled arum aphids can greatly reduce plant vigour and kill the plant through sucking of plant sap. However, also at lower densities the aphids [...] large amounts of honeydew, which provides an excellent substrate for the growth of black sooty mould. Large areas of mould covering the leaves can reduce [...] sexual stage in the life cycle. Wingless females of the mottled arum aphid are shiny whitish, yellowish or green with black cross bands behind the head, broken

Arable crops

Lyprauta

appearance of Lyprauta The adults of the three species can be distinguished by the wing pattern of adults. Adults of P. trinidadensis have a variation of dar [...] slender body. The head is brown or reddish. The pupae are white to yellow and embedded in a dense web. Adult flies are long and slender and have a dark brown [...] Especially the root tips are affected. They become black and start to rot internally. Just above the damaged area, the roots produce large numbers of new branches