Large raspberry aphid

aphids. Life cycle and appearance of Large raspberry aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety [...] lly. They are very mobile and drop from the plant when they are disturbed. Winged aphids usually appear in June and July and migrate to new canes or host [...] mm long, pale to yellowish green with long antennae, legs and siphunculi. The cauda is short and triangular. Overwintering eggs of the large raspberry aphid

Mottled arum aphid

ms, Begonia and Fuchsia, and also sweet pepper. Damage symptoms Large colonies of mottled arum aphids can greatly reduce plant vigour and kill the plant [...] sis and also result in an unattractive plant with a much lower market value. Neomyzus circumflexus can also transmit plant viruses. Life cycle and appearance [...] mottled arum aphid, Neomyzus circumflexus , has a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide host range. In temperate climates it is primarily a pest in greenhouses

Verticillium wilt

vessels of the plant and produces spores that are transported upwards with the transpiration stream. As a defence mechanism, the plant produces gum in the vessels [...] erticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahlia e are the most important plant pathogens. Verticillium dahlia causes verticillium wilt and early dying of potato [...] microsclerotia, small hard survival structures that can withstand high and low temperatures and dehydration. Verticillium dahliae also survives as hyphae (mycelium)

Foot rot of cereals

primarily affects the roots and lower stem of cereal plants, leading to rotting and ultimately compromising plant health and yield. Microdochium nivale [...] older plants, infection can produce a true foot rot, where the stem base becomes brown and rotten, resulting in lodging and whiteheads. This symptom is [...] temperatures and high humidity, the conidia germinate and penetrate the host's tissues. Inside the plant, the fungus colonizes the root and lower stem,

Beneficial microorganisms

anisopliae and Isaria fumosoroseus, and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis . Beneficial microorganisms for pest control How it works Infection and colonisation: [...] biological systems and organisms. These microorganisms play a crucial role in biological pest control by effectively infecting and controlling harmful [...] for pest control include fungi, bacteria and viruses that naturally occur in environments such as soil, water and air. These microorganisms are harnessed

Phytophthora blight

es between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the [...] growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound

Lyprauta

yellow and embedded in a dense web. Adult flies are long and slender and have a dark brown head with short antennae. The thorax is brownish-yellow and the [...] with clearly visible veins and spots. The keroplatid larvae live between the roots and bark inside orchid pots. They produce acid webs (pH 2.7 or less) [...] tips are affected. They become black and start to rot internally. Just above the damaged area, the roots produce large numbers of new branches. This ultimately

Apple rosy aphid

widespread in Europe and also occurs in Africa, North and South America, and Asia and can cause severe damage to both shoots and fruits. Damage symptoms [...] spurs and smaller branches, and on the base of buds of apple trees. The eggs hatch in spring and at first the aphids attack buds, spur leaves and rosette [...] to premature leaf fall and death of shoots. Fruits from infested trusses are small and malformed and ripen prematurely. Feeding of aphids directly on fruits

Oleander aphid

Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. It is commonly found feeding on oleander and milkweeds ( Asclepias sp.). The oleander aphid is cosmopolitan, and can be found [...] colonies is mainly aesthetic due to the large amounts of sticky honeydew produced and the resulting black sooty mould that grows on the honeydew. Growing tips [...] Life cycle and appearance of Oleander aphid The oleander aphid is an obligate parthenogenetic species; thus the adult aphids are all female and males do

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

may show signs of stunting and produce many adventitious roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial [...] well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades the plants through wounds or stomata and then spreads into [...] pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants