Circular scale
and fruit drop, and stem dieback. First signs of an infestation are dark-purple to reddish-brown or black spots with paler margins, on both surfaces of shaded [...] widely in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, mostly in association with the citrus industry. In more northern countries of its range, it occurs in [...] adults have flat to moderately convex, circular scales up to 2 mm in diameter with a slightly raised, sub-central point which is sometimes pale. When the scale