Leaf stripe

and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it look shredded. This is typical for [...] during the cropping season. The fungus is seed-borne and this systemic infection is the only source of primary infection. The fungus spreads from the seed [...] How to prevent Leaf stripe Produce seed in semi-arid environments without irrigation, to decrease the chances of infection Use clean seed Avoid the use

Sciarid flies

roots. The larvae can grow to 5 to 12 mm in length and 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter. They are legless and have a conspicuous black head. The head is equipped [...] They occur the whole year round. The eggs are minute (0.1 to 0.25 mm) and yellowish white in colour. They are laid on the ground surface close to plant roots [...] Pupation takes place in a small hole in the ground. Pupae are white, but later become yellow to brown. The posterior end of the pupa remains mobile.

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia germinate and infect through the stomata or directly through the cuticle [...] and surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post- [...] ) causes foot rot in peas, whereas Ascochyta pisi does occur sometimes at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds

Limonica Ulti-Mite

Sachets in cardboard box. Carrier Millet husks, bran and sawdust. Application Hang sachets in sheltered locations in the crop, not exposed to direct sunlight [...] already have an exit hole Hold sachets by the cardboard strip at the top, to avoid damaging the predatory mites Dosage The dosage of Limonica Ulti-Mite depends [...] always be adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction preventively or as soon as the first pest mites are detected in the crop. Use at least

Impatiens thrips

from egg to adult on the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while subsequent stages are found on the upper- and [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop [...] americanus is often found low in the crop. In sweet pepper the damage can be seen as discolouration of older leaves at the bottom of the plant.

Oak processionary moth

at night in a characteristic procession to feed in the canopy of the trees. If the leaves on a tree become scarce, the larvae move away from the tree co [...] moth refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long processions. The moth is native to central and southern Europe but is now present in almost all [...] September. The eggs (with up to 300 eggs per batch) are laid in contiguous rows along one to two year old twigs and covered by hairs from the female. The first

Leaf miners

lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of [...] miners belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves of [...] However, the use of chemical insecticides kills these natural enemies, allowing the leaf miner population to erupt into serious numbers. In addition, the pesticides

Chafers

wn in colour. The adult beetles fly in the evening, generally in June and July and land on trees to mate. During the night the females move to the ground [...] General The chafers are beetles of the Scarabaeidae family. The larvae of both species live in the soil and feed on the roots of many plants. They are [...] ground to lay their eggs. Eggs are shiny and white. The eggs hatch after about four weeks and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae are white-coloured

Boisduval scale

near the centre of the scale called the exuvium. Adult females can produce up to 200 eggs and live up to seven months. Eggs hatch within five to seven [...] very similar in their appearance and damage symptoms. Here, the Boisduval scale is described in more detail, as it is the most important one. The Boisduval [...] under the scale and become crawlers. The crawlers move out to look for a suitable place to feed and become sessile usually after a few hours The development

Click beetles

laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae (‘wireworms’) are long, thin [...] larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear about 4 weeks after pupation, but usually remain in the soil until the following spring. [...] feed on the roots of many plants. Damage symptoms The click beetles feed on the roots and bore into the base of plants. This can cause the plants to wilt