Codling moth

caterpillars of the last generation overwinter and pupate in spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks in apple boxes or [...] is a notorious, worldwide pest of apple and also occasionally of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After [...] prematurely and drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Codling moth The adults have a wing span of 15-22 mm, blackish-brown forewings, suffused with ash-grey

Yellow rose aphid

holocyclic in North America (i.e. they mate in autumn and produce eggs to overwinter). It is also holocyclic in parts of Europe, whereas throughout most of the [...] probably of North American origin but is now widely distributed in Europe, North Africa, parts of Asia and South America. It attacks plants of the family [...] appearance of Yellow rose aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses

Phytophthora blight

optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] blight and late / early blight of potato. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and [...] a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s. Life cycle and appearance of Phytophthora

Oleander scale

photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects [...] symptoms Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause [...] affects market value. In olives this is seen as green spots on purple fruits. Damage to foliage is particularly important in ornamentals . Heavy infestation

Sciarid flies

areas in dark places, with a lot of organic material. They occur the whole year round. The eggs are minute (0.1 to 0.25 mm) and yellowish white in colour [...] parts. Pupation takes place in a small hole in the ground. Pupae are white, but later become yellow to brown. The posterior end of the pupa remains mobile [...] family of Sciaridae. The species that cause most damage to crops belong to the genera Bradysia and Lycoriella . Lycoriella species are mainly found in commercial

May beetle

roots, resulting in visible water stress and ultimately ending in the death of the plant. From the third stage onwards, the impact of this pest increases [...] very similar in terms of their external appearance. In short, the adults have a reddish-brown colour and grow to approximately 10 to 25 cm in size, depending [...] measuring approximately 5 to 7 cm in length. To differentiate between species, an examination of the position of the setae in their final abdominal segment

Leek moth

takes place in a 10-mm-long, cream-coloured, silk cocoon made of characteristic meshes spun on the surface of the leaves or on the flower-stalk of the host [...] throughout Europe. It is also found in some Asian countries and has been introduced to parts of Canada. The larvae of Acrolepiopsis assectella feed on cultivated [...] general colour is grey-brown with a typical white triangle in the middle of the posterior edge of the forewings. The hindwings are uniformly grey. The moth

Common cockchafer

beetle of the genus Melolontha, in the family Scarabaeidae. Damage symptoms The common cockchafer ( Melolontha melolontha ) does most of its damage in the [...] feeds on roots of grasses and clover. The adults feed on the leaves of trees, mainly on oak, maple, beech and plum. Life cycle and appearance of Common cockchafer [...] develop. The grubs are 10 to 20 mm in the first autumn, 30 to 35 mm by the following autumn, and 40 to 46 mm in the spring of their third year. The pupa is

Long-tailed mealybug

an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must therefore ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew. Charac [...] reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order to gain [...] the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production. In ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs is sufficient

Click beetles

yellowish brown to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start to feed on roots. The [...] fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear about 4 weeks after pupation, but usually remain in the soil until the following [...] wireworms and feed on the roots of many plants. Damage symptoms The click beetles feed on the roots and bore into the base of plants. This can cause the plants