• Loose smut of barley

  Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives [...] primordia. It only becomes visible after head emergence. The teliospores that are formed on systemically infected seeds then infect neighbouring new seeds. [...] clean seed: Apply systemic fungicide treatment of seeds. Contact fungicides are not effective Apply heat treatment, but viability and germination rate should

• Apple scab

  scales. The lesions are olive-green. When spores are produced, the lesions become grey and fluffy. The lesions caused by ascospores are more restricted, whereas [...] unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter and form ascospores [...] parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new pseudothecia in leaves that have already fallen off the trees. In response to the infection

• Loose smut of wheat

  Loose smut of wheat The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives [...] primordia. It only becomes visible after head emergence. The teliospores that are formed on systemically infected seeds then infect neighbouring new seeds. [...] clean seed: Apply systemic fungicide treatment of seeds. Contact fungicides are not effective Apply heat treatment, but viability and germination rate should

• Damping-off

  aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings [...] subsequently zoospores are produced. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to [...] most rapidly in wet conditions with a high water content ( > 70%) of the soil or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around

• Gilfresh Pumpkin Pollination Providing Excellent Yields

  May 5, 2023

  Gilfresh Gilfresh Produce, based in County Armagh in Northern Ireland, are a family run company, first established in 1965, that have grown into one of [...] impact pollination was having in neighbouring orchards "We Have Seen Some Of Our Best Yields In Fields Where We Have Hives" In order to sustain and develop [...] up to 80Ha", Richard explains, " We are using approximately one hive per hectare and this year we plan to bring in 75 hives". Gilfresh have seen increased

• Bacterial spot

  tomatoes. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato causes small, water-soaked spots on leaves which are first round and become more angular as they [...] black specks are seen on green fruits. The specks grow into brown spots that look like scab. These spots may be surrounded by a halo. In pepper, the spots [...] mildew infection, pepper plants shed the leaves that are severely infected. Humid conditions are conducive for lesion expansion. On the stems, long, narrow

• Verticillium wilt

  Verticillium species are non-specific plant pathogens. Many species are saprophytes, V erticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahlia e are the most important [...] leaves. These leaves are pale-green, then orange-yellow. In the beginning the plant seems to recover at night. The symptoms may occur only in parts of the plant [...] mostly intact. In rose, branches die off from the top and purple brown stripes occur on the stem. In tomato, sometimes V-shaped lesions are formed on the

• Premium Quality, Around The World

  March 6, 2023

  on time.’ Those two requirements are all-important: ‘Our products are alive; they are fragile. That’s why we pack them in high-tech, eco-friendly cool boxes [...] exactly the easiest task in the world. That task becomes even more complex if a product in the Netherlands needs to arrive in, say, Mexico or Kenya within [...] that goes beyond product quality. After all, no matter where in the world the products are headed, they need to arrive on time and with their quality perfectly

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants. Damage symptoms In potato, field symptoms of Ralstonia solanacearum are wilting and yellowing [...] slime produced from wounds, which is not seen in Clavibacter -infected plants. In tomato, the youngest leaves are affected first. They show signs of wilting [...] quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  the plants in greenhouse crops and by water in field crops, for example through splashes of rain or irrigation. Both in greenhouses and in the field, spraying [...] white with a brown centre. In potato, the disease usually only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves [...] General Clavibacter is a quarantine organism in Europe, which means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional