• Powdery mildew

  epidemics in cereals, the ears may also be infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects [...] water and ‘hides’ on the underside of the leaves. Therefore, this is where the colonies mostly occur in these crops. In covered roses, the colonies appear first [...] epidermal layer of plant cells. Most of the fungus remains on the outside of the plant surface. On the mycelium on the plant surface, new conidiophores are

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  s roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] show signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant [...] temperatures of 35-37 °C, the optimum for Race 3 is 27 °C, which makes it more dangerous in temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different

• Trianum_G_EAMU_2.pdf

  This Extension of authorisation ends: on the final expiry date of use for the authorised product If the authorisation of the above product is withdrawn or [...] any of the active substances contained in the product are withdrawn from the Approvals Register or list of approved active substances included in Regulation [...] effects: The authorisation holder must immediately notify the Secretary of State, the Welsh Ministers, the Scottish Ministers and the Department of Agriculture

• Angular leaf spot

  underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look when using different [...] appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary source of infection in the spring. The bacteria [...] introduced in a crop in new transplants. This bacterium is very resistant to desiccation and can survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not

• Manual Wireless Beehome

  Plug the supplied timer into the power socket on the transmitter casing. Insert the plug of the short cable coming out of the transmitter into the timer [...] before the beginning of the third season. The receiver must be opened in order to replace the battery pack. When changing the batteries in the battery [...] there may be a fault in the power supply. There is no transmitter signal. The battery pack is empty. The PCB is broken. The receiver is broken. Red LED on

• Glume blotch

  humidity (RH). The optimum temperature for germination of the conidia is between 20 and 25 °C. The ascospores are responsible for wind dispersal of the fungus [...] glumes. In the centre of the lesions, light-coloured translucent pycnidia (fruiting bodies) with new spores occur. The lesions may merge, turning the whole [...] leaves, but seed transmission is also possible. The germ tubes can infect the leaves of the plants directly or through stomata. The lesions become visible after

• Dwarf bunt

  teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil without [...] sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] sporidium. Two mating types are distinguished. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle with a basidiospore of the other mating type so that H-shaped structures

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  crown gall The primary source of infection by Rhizobium rhizogenes has not yet been defined. The assumption is that the bacteria survive in the soil, but [...] caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and [...] disinfection of tools, drippers, gutters etc. Adjust the work order in greenhouses to fit with the hygiene protocol Disinfect the nutrient solution in order to

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum. On the infected [...] General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] ascospores. In general, most Fusarium specieshave a similar life cycle. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants

• Damping-off

  soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail [...] irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil [...] at the start by using higher substrate blocks for the seedlings. In field crops: Avoid the use of fields with inadequate drainage or improve the drainage