• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and causes a genetic change in the plant. How to prevent Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall Use clean propagation material [...] Adjust the work order in greenhouses to fit with the hygiene protocol Disinfect the nutrient solution in order to prevent biofilm growth inside the irrigation [...] Additionally, pathogenic Agrobacterium s pecies have recently been assigned to the genus Rhizobium . These pathogenic bacteria were formerly known as Ag

• Glume blotch

  water helps the fungus to reach the upper leaves and ears. Seed infection is enhanced by wet weather conditions during heading. How to prevent Glume blotch [...] plants directly or through stomata. The lesions become visible after five to seven days. On the lesions, new pycnidia are formed. The conidia that are

• Broad mite

  emus latus) are not a serious problem, as they are unable to overwinter. Mites belonging to the family of tarsonemids ( Tarsonemidae ) display a greater [...] mainly concentrated on the underside near the leaf stalk, which tends to cause the leaf to turn brown and curl up. A typical indication of an attack of broad [...] them to stand out as a green pattern against the brown leaf tissue. Brown, corky patches can appear on the leaf stalks and main stems. The growing tips

• The journey of sustainable citrus farming in agriculture

  only proven to be successful but also reduced the reliance on chemical pesticides. The path to environmental friendly farming Dedicated to sustainable [...] Get to know Balbino Garre Martínez, a grower with over 35 years of experience in citrus and livestock farming. Balbino, along with his two brothers, operates [...] where agriculture isn't just a profession but a lifelong passion. Adapting to challenges and embracing change Balbino's agricultural journey hasn't been

• Tobacco aphid

  The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach potato aphid . It is not known to what extent tobacco aphids [...] sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the [...] aphids are born as developed nymphs. They immediately start to feed on plant sap and grow rapidly. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With

• Early blight

  specific symptoms. Damage symptoms Alternaria solani causes small green to dark brown spots to occur on leaves. Those spots then turn into dark brown angular lesions [...] of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers (especially dangerous in crops for seed production) and to the crown. Sporulation of Alternaria occurs [...] Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Early blight Remove crop residues, weeds and volunteer plants. Use

• Cabbage leafroller

  opening bud to the growing tip, while older caterpillars eat a hole in the shoot and hollow it out, causing the shoot or growing point to wilt and die [...] leafroller (Clepsis spectrana) is native to North-West Europe. It is a highly polyphagous species causing damage to field grown cabbage, apple, pear as well [...] loosely spin newly opened leaves together such that subsequent growth leads to an untidy roll of leaves with large feeding holes. Caterpillars can also bore

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  (25-30 °C) and humid (RH above 85%) conditions increase chances of infection. How to prevent Fusarium head blight or scab Remove or destroy crop residues Choose [...] primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical

• Black currant

  woody shrub and the plant is well known for its savory berries. It belongs to the family of Grossulariaceae . The black currant originally comes from the [...] regions of both central and northern Europe and northern Asia. The plants grows well in damp and fertile soils. During summer, clusters of small and glossy

• Olive scale

  nearby surfaces. The honeydew may attract attendant ants and sooty moulds grow on the sugary deposits. Removal of large quantities of sap debilitate the [...] are oval, 3-6 mm long and almost flat. Their shield is dark grey or brown to black and has two transverse crests and one median ridge that together form [...] main veins on the lower sides of mature leaves. Many young females migrate to twigs and branches later and remain there for the rest of their lives.